[1]张晓艳,刘梅先.气候变化及人为活动对湘江流域径流和输沙的影响[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(01):30-37.
　ZHANG Xiaoyan,LIU Meixian.Effects of Climate Change and Human Activities on Water and Sediment Discharge in Xiangjiang Basin[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2018,25(01):30-37.
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气候变化及人为活动对湘江流域径流和输沙的影响

《水土保持研究》[ISSN:1005-3409/CN:61-1272/P] 卷: 25 期数: 2018年01期 页码: 30-37 栏目: 出版日期: 2018-02-28
Title:
Effects of Climate Change and Human Activities on Water and Sediment Discharge in Xiangjiang Basin
作者:
张晓艳1, 刘梅先2,3
1. 湖南第一师范学院, 长沙 410205;
2. 中国科学院 亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室, 长沙 410125;
3. 中国科学院 环江喀斯特生态系统观测研究站, 广西 环江 547100
Author(s):
ZHANG Xiaoyan1, LIU Meixian2,3
1. Hunan First Normal University, Changsha 410205 China;
2. Key Laboratory for Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China;
3. Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystem, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huanjiang, Guangxi 547100, China
关键词:
气候变化; 人为活动; 径流; 泥沙; 湘江流域
Keywords:
climate change; human activity; runoff; sediment; Xiangjiang Basin
分类号:
P333
摘要:
湘江是洞庭湖流域最大的支流，在全球气候变化以及高强度人为活动影响的背景下，明确湘江流域水沙关系及其影响因素，对洞庭湖流域水资源安全以及洞庭湖湿地生态环境保护具有重要意义。以湘江控制站湘潭水文站1982—2011年水沙数据为基础，综合考虑气候和人为活动变化等因素，结合趋势分析、突变分析、相关分析等方法，分析了湘江流域年径流量、输沙量、植被覆盖和气候（降雨量（R）、降雨强度（Ri）、最大日降雨量（Rx1）、最大5 d降雨量（Rx5）、干旱情势（Palmer Drought Severity Index（PDSI）和Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index（SPEI）的变化规律，并分三个阶段气候突变前（1981—1990年）、气候突变后至退耕还林前（1991—2002年）和退耕还林后（2003—2011年）探讨了湘江流域水沙变化的影响因素。结果表明，在1982—2011年期间，总体上湘江流域降雨呈下降趋势，但降雨强度、干旱情势和植被覆盖上升。流域径流与气候因子（降雨、PDSI，SPEI）波动步调基本一致，但输沙量呈持续下降趋势。径流和输沙量与气候和植被因子有良好的相关性。进一步分析表明，气候变化是径流变化的主要原因；对于输沙量而言，1995—2002年泥沙降低的主要原因是水利工程建设，而2003—2011年之间输沙量降低则主要因为退耕还林等生态保护措施的综合效应。
Abstract:
Xiangjiang River is the largest tributary in Dongting Lake Basin, knowledge of the water and sediment discharge and their underlying impacting factors is essential for the security of water resources and ecological environment protection in Dongting Lake Basin, especially under the conditions of global warming and intensive human activities. This study analyzed the changing patterns of water and sediment discharge, climate aridity [based on the self-calibrating Palmer Drought Severity Index (sc-PDSI) and the 12 month scale Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI-12)], vegetation coverage (based on NDVI), and precipitation (based on the five indices of precipitation amount (R), rainfall intensity (Ri), max 1-day precipitation amount (Rx1) and max 5-day precipitation amount (Rx5), and investigated the underlying factors for the relationship between water and sediment discharge in Xiangjiang Basin, by using MK trend, MK abrupt change test and correlation analysis. The results showed that the obvious declining precipitation, increasing sc-PDSI and SPEI-12 and precipitation intensity and increasing NDVI were observed in Xiangjiang Basin in the past decades. The trend of runoff was similar to that of precipitation (R) and climate aridity (sc-PDSI and SPEI-12). However, the sediment discharge significantly decreased during the period from1982 to 2011. The reasonable explanation for the decline in 1991—2002 and 2003—2011, might be the water conservancy projects construction and the integrative effects of ‘Grain for Green’ Project, respectively.

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备注/Memo

收稿日期:2017-3-20;改回日期:2017-4-10。
基金项目:湖南省自然科学资助项目（2016JJ4025）；国家自然科学资助项目（41601262）；土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室开放基金（Y20160037）；中国科学院“西部之光”项目（Y523061111）
作者简介:张晓艳(1986-),女,山东临沂人,博士,讲师,主要从事全球变化与生态系统响应研究。E-mail:hnfnuxyzhang@sina.com
通讯作者:刘梅先(1986-),男,江西吉安人,博士,副研究员,主要从事流域生态水文研究。E-mail:liumeixian@isa.ac.cn

更新日期/Last Update: 1900-01-01