ZHANG Fuguang,ZENG Biao,YANG Taibao.Changes in the Distribution Range of Alpine Desert and Its Responses to Climate Change in the Lenglongling Area of Eastern Qilian Mountains in Recent 30 Years[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,24(06):305-312.
近30年祁连山东段冷龙岭地区寒冻荒漠分布范围及其对气候变化的响应
- Title:
- Changes in the Distribution Range of Alpine Desert and Its Responses to Climate Change in the Lenglongling Area of Eastern Qilian Mountains in Recent 30 Years
- 分类号:
- P931.3;TP79
- 摘要:
- 利用祁连山东段冷龙岭地区1990s-2010s的Landsat TM，OLI遥感影像数据，结合NDVI阈值和人工目视解译提取1990s，2000s，2010s研究区寒冻荒漠分布范围，分析近30 a研究区寒冻荒漠分布范围变化特征及其对气候变化的响应过程和机理，同时考虑了地形差异对寒冻荒漠对气候响应的影响。结果表明：（1）近30 a以来，祁连山东段冷龙岭地区寒冻荒漠呈萎缩趋势，以约4.5 km2/年的速率萎缩，但局部地段也有扩张情况；其中萎缩区大量分布在3 900~4 100 m的海拔带，扩张区零星分布于各高度带。该现象导致祁连山东段冷龙岭地区寒冻荒漠分布下界平均海拔向高海拔推进，推进速率约为23 m/10 a。（2）受水热条件控制，寒冻荒漠萎缩变化主要分布在12°以下低坡度地区，同时由于寒冻风化作用加强，碎屑坡积等物理过程影响，低坡度区域也存在扩张变化，随着坡度变陡，寒冻荒漠基本无变化；同时，在不同坡向上均存在寒冻荒漠的萎缩与扩张变化。寒冻荒漠在阳坡变化大于阴坡。（3）1990-2015年祁连山东段冷龙岭地区气温呈波动增加趋势，线性增长率约为0.3~0.5℃/10 a，增温幅度显著，呈先快后慢趋势，降水量无明显变化趋势，但在时间序列上呈现波动。该时期气候变化导致了上述寒冻荒漠分布范围的变化，且分析结果表明其主要受控于气温变化。
- Abstract:
- we study on changes in the distribution range of alpine desert and its responses to climate change in the Lenglongling Range of Eastern Qilian Mountains in recent 30 years by using the distributed range of alpine desert in different years, which were obtained as threshold of NDVI and artificial visual interpretation, and were extracted form TM remote sensing digital images in the Lenglongling Area of Eastern Qilian Mountains from 1990s to 2010s. We analyzed the variation characteristics of the change of the distribution range of alpine desert, and then discussed the process and mechanism that the change of the distribution range of alpine desert responses to climate change. Meanwhile, we obtained the topographical data (altitude, slope, aspect) from DEM in the study area in order to discover the relationship between the change of the distribution range of alpine desert and topographical factors. The results indicated that alpine desert was shrinking gradually in the Lenglongling Range of Eastern Qilian Mountains in recent 30 years, but it was expanding in the local section; the shrinking area of alpine desert mainly distributed in the altitude of 3 700~4 100 meters and the expansion region scattered in the different altitude zones. This phenomenon has caused that the average elevation of the lower bound of alpine desert in the Lenglongling Range of Eastern Qilian Mountains nearly had significantly moved to higher altitudes, the move rate was about 23 m/decade during the study period. Under hydrothermal conditions control, the shrinking area of alpine desert in slope mainly concentrated in the range of below the gradient of 12, also due to frost weathering strengthen, debris slope and physical processes that affect, the expansion changes occurred in the low slope region. As the slope gradient increases, the change of the distribution range of alpine desert has decreased gradually. Meanwhile the shrinking and expansion changes of alpine desert have reflected in different aspects. The changes of alpine desert in sunny slope are greater than that in shady slope. The temperature in the Lenglongling Area of Eastern Qilian Mountains from 1990 to 2015 had a increasing trend and the increase range of temperature was significant, which showed as rapidly first and then slow and had warmed at a rate of about 0.3~0.5℃/decade. The precipitation had no obvious change, but fluctuated in the range of about 350~600 mm in time series. In this period, the climate change resulted in the change of the distribution range of the alpine desert, and the results showed that it was mainly controlled by the change of temperature.
参考文献/References:
[1] Walther G R. Community and ecosystem responses to recent climate change[J]. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, 2010,365(1549):2019-24.
[2] Tchebakova N M, Rehfeldt G E, Parfenova E I. From Vegetation Zones to Climatypes:Effects of Climate Warming on Siberian Ecosystems[M]//Permafrost Ecosystems. Springer Netherlands, 2009:427-446.
[3] Ni J. Impacts of climate change on Chinese ecosystems:Key vulnerable regions and potential thresholds[J]. Regional Environmental Change, 2011,11(1):49-64.
[4] Arneth A. Climate science:Uncertain future for vegetation cover[J]. Nature, 2015,524(7563):44-45.
[5] 李洪权,范广洲,周定文,等.青藏高原春季植被变化特征及其对夏季气温的影响[J].地理科学,2008,28(2):259-265.
[6] Liu J, Liu X L, Hou L M. Changes and ecological vulnerability of landscape pattern in Eastern Qilian Mountain[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2012,35(5):795-805.
[7] Wang Y, Jia W, Liu C, et al. Ecological Environm ent Change in North Slope of Qilianshan M ountains[J]. Chinese Forestry Science & Technology, 2012(3):42-43.
[8] Yao J Q, Yang Q, Chen Y N, et al. Climate change in arid areas of Northwest China in past 50 years and its effects on the local ecological environment[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2013,32(5):1283-1291.
[9] Bolch T, Yao T, Kang S, et al. A glacier inventory for the western Nyainqentanglha Range and the Nam Co Basin, Tibet, and glacier changes 1976-2009[J]. The Cryosphere, 2010,4(3):419-433.
[10] Granshaw F D, Fountain A G. Glacier change(1958-1998)in the North Cascades National Park Complex, Washington, USA[J]. Journal of Glaciology, 2006,52(52):251-256.
[11] 韦振锋,王德光,张翀,等.1999-2010年中国西北地区植被覆盖对气候变化和人类活动的响应[J].中国沙漠,2014,34(6):1665-1670.
[12] 李飞,曾源,李晓松,等.近30年中国陆地植被活动遥感监测[J].中国科学:地球科学,2014,08:1671-1678.
[13] 徐浩杰,杨太保,曾彪.杜鹃叶片气孔长度和密度对海拔变化的响应[J].干旱区研究,2012,29(6):177-178.
[14] Bonino M F, Azócar D L M, Schulte J A, et al. Climate change and lizards:changing species’geographic ranges in Patagonia[J]. Regional Environmental Change, 2015,15(6):1121-1132.
[15] Fagre D B, Peterson D L, Hessl A E. Taking the Pulse of Mountains:Ecosystem Responses to Climatic Variability[J]. Climatic Change, 2003,59(1/2):263-282.
[16] Chen J, Yang Y A, Sun H. Advances in the Studies of Responses of Alpine Plants to Global Warming[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied & Environmental Biology, 2011,17(3):435-446.
[17] Dai S P, Zhang B, Wang H J, et al. Vegetation cover change and the driving factors over northwest China[J]. Journal of Arid Land, 2011,3(1):25-33.
[18] Nemani R R, Keeling C D, Hashimoto H, et al. Climate-driven increases in global terrestrial net primary production from 1982 to 1999[J]. Science, 2003,300(5625):1560-1563.
[19] Fang J, Shilong P, He J, et al. Increasing terrestrial vegetation activity in China, 1982-1999[J]. Science in China, 2004,47(3):229-40.
[20] 崔林丽,史军,杨引明,等.中国东部植被NDVI对气温和降水的旬响应特征[J].地理学报,2009,64(7):850-860.
[21] Dai Shengpei, Zhang Bo, Wang Qiang, et al. Variation in grassland vegetation NDVI and its ten-day response to temperature and precipitation in the Qilian Mountains[J]. Resources Science, 2010,32(9):1769-1776.
[22] Zeng B, Yang T B. Impacts of climate warming on vegetation in Qaidam Area from 1990 to 2003[J]. Environmental monitoring and Assessment, 2008,144(1):403-417.
[23] 张微笑.地形因子对山区植物生长的影响[J].华夏地理,2015(3):76-77.
[24] Zhang H, Qian Y, Wu Z, et al. Vegetation-environment relationships between northern slope of Karlik Mountain and Naomaohu Basin, East Tianshan Mountains[J]. Chinese Geographical Science, 2012,22(3):288-301.
[25] 何其华,何永华,包维楷.干旱半干旱区山地土壤水分动态变化[J].山地学报,2003,21(2):149-156.
[26] 刘旻霞,王刚.高寒草甸植物群落多样性及土壤因子对坡向的响应[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(2):259-265.
[27] 王礼先.水土保持学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1995.
[28] 严岳鸿,何祖霞,苑虎,等.坡向差异对广东古兜山自然保护区蕨类植物多样性的生态影响[J].生物多样性,2011,19(1):41-47.
相似文献/References:
[1]南峰,李有利,史兴民.新疆玛纳斯河水量波动与气候变化之间的关系[J].水土保持研究,2003,10(03):59.
NAN Feng,LI You-li,SHI Xing-min.Relationship of the Fluctuations of Stream Discharge of the Manas River and Climatic Changes[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2003,10(06):59.
[2]郑粉莉,刘元保,白红英,等.森林植被破坏对生态环境的影响[J].水土保持研究,1993,(01):99.
Zheng Fenli,Liu Yuanbao,Bai Hongying,et al.Effect of Forest Vegetation Destruction on Eco-Environment[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,1993,(06):99.
[3]郭宗锋,马友鑫,李红梅,等.1959-2000年流沙河流域降水与径流变化研究[J].水土保持研究,2006,13(04):150.
GUO Zong-feng,MA You-xin,LI Hong-mei,et al.Research on Variation of Precipitation and Runoff in the Liushahe Watershed in 1959～2000[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2006,13(06):150.
[4]李昭阳,李雪,汤洁,等.吉林省辽河流域土地利用对气候变化的响应研究[J].水土保持研究,2014,21(06):104.
LI Zhao-yang,LI Xue,TANG Jie,et al.Study on the Response of Land Use/Land Cover to Climate Change in Liao River Basin of Jilin Province[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2014,21(06):104.
[5]李成,王让会,黄进.天山北麓近50年气温和降水的变化特征[J].水土保持研究,2013,20(06):117.
LI Cheng,WANG Rang-hui,HUANG Jin.Variation Characteristics of Temperature and Precipitation in the North of Tianshan Mountains in Recent 50 Years[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2013,20(06):117.
[6]顾海敏,史建桥,邹长新,等.气候变化对开都河流域径流的影响研究[J].水土保持研究,2013,20(06):135.
GU Hai-min,SHI Jian-qiao,ZOU Chang-xin,et al.Study on the Effect of Climate Change on Runoff in Kaidu River Basin[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2013,20(06):135.
[7]刘旭辉,余新晓,赵阳.北京山区典型小流域景观格局变化对径流的影响[J].水土保持研究,2013,20(05):39.
LIU Xu-hui,YU Xin-xiao,ZHAO Yang.Impact of Landscape Pattern on Runoff in Small Watershed of Beijing Mountainous Region[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2013,20(06):39.
[8]任景全,郭春明,李建平,等.气候变化背景下吉林省风蚀气候侵蚀力时空特征[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(06):233.
REN Jingquan,GUO Chunming,LI Jianping,et al.Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Wind Erosion Climatic Erosivity Under Climate Change in Jilin Province[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,24(06):233.
[9]高峰,蔡万园,张玉虎,等.5种CMIP5模拟降水数据在中国的适用性评估[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(06):122.
GAO Feng,CAI Wanyuan,ZHANG Yuhu,et al.Evaluation on the Applicability of 5 Kinds of CMIP5 Simulated Precipitation Data in China[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,24(06):122.
[10]姜创业,魏娜,程肖侠,等.1961-2008年陕西省年际气温和降水区域性变化特征分析[J].水土保持研究,2011,18(01):197.
JIANG Chuang-ye,WEI Na,CHENG Xiao-xia,et al.Analysis of Inter-annual Temperature and Precipitation Regional Change During 1961-2008 in Shaanxi Province[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2011,18(06):197.
备注/Memo
收稿日期:2016-12-11;改回日期:2017-01-13。
基金项目:国家自然科学基金（40901056）；中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目（lzujbky-2013-130）；国家基础科学人才培训资助项目（J1210065）；兰州大学地理学基地科研训练及科研能力提高项目
作者简介:张富广(1989-),男,山东临沂人,硕士研究生,研究方向为区域植被对气候变化的响应。E-mail:zhangfg15@lzu.edu.cn
通讯作者:曾彪(1979-),男,湖北京山人,副教授,主要从事全球变化与区域响应研究。E-mail:zenb@lzu.edu.cn