LIU Xu-hui,YU Xin-xiao,ZHAO Yang.Impact of Landscape Pattern on Runoff in Small Watershed of Beijing Mountainous Region[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2013,20(05):39-44.
北京山区典型小流域景观格局变化对径流的影响
- Title:
- Impact of Landscape Pattern on Runoff in Small Watershed of Beijing Mountainous Region
- Keywords:
- climate change; landscape pattern; plaque; runoff
- 分类号:
- S715.3
- 摘要:
- 根据北京市密云县红门川小流域1990—2006年的水文资料，在统计分析降水、径流、蒸发年际变化特征的基础上，利用1990年、1995年、2000年和2005年4期遥感影像，采用ArcMAP及Fragstats等景观分析软件，从斑块和景观两个尺度上，分析红门川流域的景观空间格局变化及其与径流的关系。结果表明：（1）红门川小流域的降水、径流多集中在汛期（6—9月），且年降水量、径流量逐年减少，气候变化是径流减少的主要原因；（2）红门川流域土地利用类型以林地为主，林地约占流域总面积的75%，其中以针叶林最多，阔叶林、混交林次之，灌木林最少，另外水域面积逐年减少，从另一个方面反映了径流量逐年减少；（3）红门川流域景观斑块个数增加，整体景观格局破碎化程度减小，斑块分布趋于均匀，其中斑块平均面积（AREA）、斑块周长（PERIM）、景观形状指数（LSI）、景观聚集度（CONTAG）均呈波动减小的趋势，斑块形状指数（SHAPE）、斑块分维度（FRAC）、Shannon-Wienner多样性指数（SHDI）则是逐年减小；（4）平均斑块周长、景观聚集度与径流变化相关性较强，平均斑块面积、平均分维度与径流变化相关性一般，平均斑块形状指数、景观形状指数、Shannon-Wienner多样性指数与径流变化基本不相关。
- Abstract:
- Based on the hydrological data of Hongmenchuan watershed in the years of 1990—2006, and analysis on the characteristic of precipitation, runoff and evaporation, by using the spatial and attribute data, landscape index from the remote sensing images (1990, 1995, 2000, 2005) of Hongmenchuan watershed of Beijing. We analyzed the change on the landscape pattern and the relevance between landscape index and runoff. The results showed: (1) precipitation and runoff of Hongmenchuan watershed mainly concentrated in the flood season (June to September), and annual precipitation and runoff decreased year by year, climate chagne is the main reason for runoff decrease; (2) forestland was mainly land use in Hongmenchuan watershed, the decrease of water area reflected the decease of runoff; (3) the landscape plaque number increased, the overall landscape fragmentation decreased, plaque distribution tends to be uniform, the average patch area (AREA), patch perimeter (PERIM), landscape shape index (LSI), the landscape aggregation (CONTAG) were decreasing year by year; (4) there is a strong correlation between mean patch perimeter, landscape aggregation and runoff, the correlation between average plate area, average fractal dimension and runoff is not significant, and mean patch shape index, landscape shape index, Shannon-Wienner diversity index and runoff are uncorrelated.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2012-12-03;改回日期:2013-03-08。
基金项目:国家“十二五”科技支撑（2011BAD38B05）；国家林业公益性行业科研专项（201104005）
作者简介:刘旭辉(1988-),男,河北石家庄人,硕士,主要从事生态水文方面的研究。E-mail:liuxuhuibjfu@126.com
通讯作者:余新晓(1961-),男,甘肃平凉人,教授,博士生导师,主要从事生态水文、水土保持方面的研究。E-mail:yuxinxiao111@126.com