XU Bao-shan,JIA Sheng-hai,LUO Tian-feng,et al.Effect of Different Drip Irrigation Schedule under Mulch on Root Distribution of Maize[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2014,21(05):272-276,284.
膜下滴灌不同灌水定额对玉米根系生长的影响
- Title:
- Effect of Different Drip Irrigation Schedule under Mulch on Root Distribution of Maize
- Keywords:
- drip irrigation; corn roots; distribution; soil moisture
- 分类号:
- S513;S275.6
- 摘要:
- 玉米根系的分布特征受多种因素的制约，其中影响最大的有土壤水分和生育期阶段等，通过分析不同灌水处理条件下，不同生育期，土壤深度与根长密度和根重密度的关系，研究膜下滴灌玉米各生育期根系在不同灌水定额处理下的分布规律，利用大田代表植株挖根试验得到的实测数据进行根长密度和根重密度计算。结果表明：根长在表层土壤中，随着水分的胁迫减轻，呈现增大趋势，深层反之，而且最大根深出现在80 cm处，在大喇叭期，处理1在20 cm土层根长密度最小（77.27 mm/cm3），处理9最大（143.31 mm/cm3），在40 cm土层，处理8的根长密度最小（16.11 mm/cm3），处理1最大（24.89 mm/cm3）。根重密度与根长密度的规律基本一致，水分胁迫能促进根系向下伸长，在玉米拔节期，处理1在20 cm以上土层根干重仅占总根干重的67.9%，而处理9在20 cm则达到了90.2%。随着生育期的推进，表层根重密度随灌水量增大而增大，在大喇叭期，处理1的根重密度为8.16×10-4 g/cm3，处理7为2.358×10-3 g/cm3 。水分胁迫使得根系深扎吸取水分来补偿亏缺，并且根变得较细较小，这说明根系自身会做出水分适应性环境调整，以达到重要机制的平衡。
- Abstract:
- Distribution of maize roots is affected by many factors which have the greatest impact on soil moisture and growth stage. This paper analyzed the conditions under different irrigation schedules and different growth stages, the relationship of soil depth with the root length density and root weight density, studied the drip irrigation maize roots for different irrigation schedules the root distribution of all growth stages. Root length density and root weight density of representative maize was calculated by using the data measured in field trials. The results showed that the root length presented an increasing trend in the surface soil with the water stress reduction, it was contrary in the deep soil layer, and the maximum roots depth was 80 cm, at the big horn stage, root length density of treatment 1 appeared minimum at 20 cm soil layer (77.27 mm/cm3), treatment 9 appeared maximum (143.31 mm/cm3) in 40 cm soil depth, root length density of treatment 8 was minimum (16.11 mm/cm3), treatment 1 is maximum (24.89 mm/cm3). Root weight density is consistent with the pattern of the root length density, water stress can promote root to stretch to depths, at the jointing stage, proportion of root dry weight to total root dry weight of treatment 1 in 0—20 cm soil layer is only 67.9%, 90.2% for the treatment 9 in 0—20 cm soil layer, with the growth period progresses, the root weight density rose with the increase the irrigation volume in the surface, at the big horn stage, root weight density of treatment 1 is 8.16×10-4 g/cm3, treatment 7 is 2.358×10-3 g/cm3. Water stress makes roots grow in deep soil to absorb water for compensating the deficience, but roots will become fine and smaller, showing that the roots will make their adaptability to environmental adjustment under water stress and balance the important mechanisms.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2013-10-22;改回日期:2013-12-23。
基金项目:国家自然科学基金“滴灌条件下土壤—玉米—大气系统水分传输机制与模拟”（51169001）
作者简介:徐宝山(1986-),男,甘肃武威人,在读硕士,研究方向:节水灌溉。E-mail:13609313759@139.com
通讯作者:贾生海(1963-),男,甘肃武威人,教授,硕士生导师,主要从事农业水土工程的教学与研究工作。E-mail:jiash@gsau.edu.cn