Wang Ping,Ding Zhiqiang,Li Lushan,et al.Stability and Mechanisms of Soil Aggregates in Major Forest Types in Central Yunnan[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2024,31(05):232-242.[doi:10.13869/j.cnki.rswc.2024.05.007]
滇中主要森林类型土壤团聚体稳定性及其变化机制
- Title:
- Stability and Mechanisms of Soil Aggregates in Major Forest Types in Central Yunnan
- 文章编号:
- 1005-3409(2024)05-0232-11
- Keywords:
- soil aggregates; stability; impact factors; forest types; central Yunnan region
- 分类号:
- S157.5
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- [目的]团聚体稳定性是评估退化生态系统植被恢复后土壤质量变化的重要指标,研究滇中地区主要森林类型土壤团聚体稳定性差异及其变化机制,为该地未来植被恢复、改造过程中的树种选择、森林资源管理提供科学支撑。[方法]选择云南松林(PY)、华山松林(PA)、银荆林(AD)、旱冬瓜林(ACF)、针阔混交林(TF)、次生常绿阔叶林(SF)6种主要森林类型作为研究对象,以坡旱地(DSL)作为对照,采集0—20 cm,20—40 cm和40—60 cm土样,利用干、湿筛分法分离测定>5 mm,5～2 mm,2～0.25 mm,<0.25 mm 4个粒级团聚体含量,计算水稳性大团聚体含量(WR>0.25)、平均重量直径(MWD)、几何平均直径(GMD)和结构破坏率(PAD)4个稳定性指标,对土壤团聚体稳定性进行研究。[结果](1)6种森林类型在0—60 cm均以0.25～2 mm的小团聚体为主,而坡旱地随着土层深度的增加,粒级从0.25～2 mm向<0.25 mm转变;(2)0—60 cm土层中坡旱地平均WR>0.25,MWD,GMD和PAD分别为55.40%,1.16 mm,0.52 mm,40.47%,6种森林类型分别为71.61%～78.20%,1.97～2.61 mm,0.93～1.27 mm,12.59%～20.47%,团聚体稳定性总体表现为坡旱地最差,次生常绿阔叶林、针阔混交林最好,其次是云南松林、旱冬瓜林,银荆林和华山松林较差;(3)团聚体稳定性在宏观尺度上受森林类型、土层深度及其交互作用的显著影响(p<0.001),而在微观尺度上主要受土壤容重、非毛管孔隙度、全钾、有机质、砂粒和黏粒含量的显著影响(p<0.05),土壤理化性质、养分、质地解释了团聚体稳定性的90.5%,其中以理化性质、养分及其交互作用的贡献最大,解释率为61.3%,土壤质地往往与其他因子共同影响团聚体稳定性,其独立解释率仅为5.1%。[结论]滇中地区退耕还林可显著提高土壤团聚体稳定性,未来的生态恢复应该以营造云南松林和旱冬瓜林为主,同时避免高强度的人类活动,改善土壤理化性质和增加土壤养分积累,促进人工纯林向针阔混交林及常绿阔叶林演化。
- Abstract:
- [Objective]Aggregated stability is an important indicator for assessing changes in soil quality after vegetation restoration in degraded ecosystem. The aims of this study are to investigate the difference of soil aggregate stability and its change mechanism of main forest types in central Yunnan, and to provide scientific support for tree species selection and forest resource scientific management in the process of vegetation restoration and transformation in the future. [Methods]Six primary forest types, including Pinus yunnanensis forest(PY), Pinus armandii forest(PA), Acacia dealbata forest(AD)and Alnus cremastogyne forest(ACF), Theropencedrymion forest(TF), and Secondary evergreen broad-leaved forest(SF), were selected for the study. Dry slope land(DSL)was used as a control. Soil samples were collected from depths of 0—20 cm, 20—40 cm, and 40—60 cm. Dry sieving and wet sieving methods were employed to classify aggregates into four size classes:>5 mm, 5～2 mm, 2～0.25 mm and<0.25 mm. Four stability indices, including WR>0.25, mean weight diameter(MWD), geometric mean diameter(GMD)and structural failure rate(PAD), were calculated to investigate soil aggregate stability. [Results](1)Among the six forest types, aggregates with a particle size range of 0.25～2 mm predominated in the 0—60 cm soil layers, while DSL shifted from 0.25～2 mm to<0.25 mm with increasing soil depth.(2)In the 0—60 cm soil layer, WR>0.25, MWD, GMD, and PAD values in DSL were 55.40%, 1.16 mm, 0.52 mm, and 40.47%, respectively. The six forest types exhibited aggregate stability ranging from 71.61% to 78.20% for WR>0.25, 1.97 mm to 2.61 mm for MWD, 0.93 mm to 1.27 mm for GMD, and 12.59% to 20.47% for PAD. Overall, DSL exhibited the poorest aggregate stability, followed by SF and TF, while PY, ACF, AD, and PA showed relatively lower stability.(3)At the macro scale, soil aggregate stability in the study area was significantly influenced by forest type, soil depth, and their interaction(p<0.001). At the micro scale, it was mainly affected by soil bulk density, non-capillary porosity, total potassium, soil organic matter, sand content, and clay content(p<0.05). Soil physicochemical properties, nutrients, and texture explained 90.5% of aggregate stability, with the greatest contribution coming from the interaction of physicochemical properties and nutrients, accounting for 61.3%. Soil texture often interacted with other factors to influence aggregate stability, with an independent explanatory power of only 5.1%. [Conclusion]In central Yunnan, the stability of soil aggregates can be significantly improved by returning farmland to forest. Future ecological restoration should focus on creating Pinus yunnanensis and Alnus cremastogyne forest, while avoiding high-intensity human activities, improving soil physical and chemical properties and increasing soil nutrient accumulation, and promoting the evolution of artificial pure forest into theropencedrymion forest and secondary forest.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2023-10-15 修回日期:2023-11-09
资助项目:云南省科技计划项目“云南山地河谷生物多样性保护及生态安全屏障建设”子课题“河谷绿色发展与生态安全屏障建设体系研究与示范”(202403AC100028)
第一作者:王平(1965—),男,云南昭通人,硕士,教授,主要从事土壤地理与区域自然地理研究。E-mail:ynwangping@163.com
通信作者:丁智强(1993—),男,云南禄劝人,博士,主要从事水土资源与环境变化研究。E-mail:zhiqiang_ding9303@163.com