[1]张思琪,马芊红,朱 彤,等.基于三维激光扫描技术的喀斯特地表微地形特征及其侵蚀响应[J].水土保持研究,2021,28(04):8-14.
　ZHANG Siqi,MA Qianhong,ZHU Tong,et al.Micro Topography Characteristic of Karst Slope and Its Response to Soil Erosion Based on 3D Laser Scanning Technique[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2021,28(04):8-14.
点击复制

基于三维激光扫描技术的喀斯特地表微地形特征及其侵蚀响应

《水土保持研究》[ISSN:1005-3409/CN:61-1272/P] 卷: 28 期数: 2021年04期 页码: 8-14 栏目: 出版日期: 2021-08-10
Title:
Micro Topography Characteristic of Karst Slope and Its Response to Soil Erosion Based on 3D Laser Scanning Technique
文章编号:
1005-3409(2021)04-0008-07
作者:
张思琪1, 马芊红1, 朱 彤1, 顾再柯2, 张科利1
(1.北京师范大学 地理科学学部, 北京 100875; 2.贵州省水土保持监测站, 贵阳 550002)
Author(s):
ZHANG Siqi1, MA Qianhong1, ZHU Tong1, GU Zaike2, ZHANG Keli1
(1.Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; 2.Guizhou Monitoring Station of Soil and Water Conservation, Guiyang 550002, China)
关键词:
喀斯特;  模拟降雨;  三维激光扫描;  微地形;  块石出露
Keywords:
karst;  simulated rainfall;  3D laser scanning;  micro topography characteristics;  boulder outcropping
分类号:
S157.1
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
为了探究喀斯特黄壤坡面微地形变化特征及其与土壤侵蚀的关系,基于人工模拟降雨试验,结合三维激光扫描技术,分析了坡面地表粗糙度和坑洼体积的变化特征及其与土壤侵蚀的响应关系。小区坡度25°,共有3种雨强(30,60,90 mm/h)和4种块石出露度(0,5.4%,13.1%,42.9%)处理。结果表明:(1)坡面块石出露在小雨强下(30 mm/h)可明显促进产流,产流时间较裸土坡面提前18.0%～57.2%,但大雨强下的影响被弱化。产流产沙随块石出露度的增大呈先增后减,最大值处块石出露度在小雨强和大雨强下分别为5.4%～13.1%和13.1%～42.9%。(2)裸土坡面地表粗糙度和坑洼蓄积量由坡上到坡下呈递增趋势,而块石出露坡面地表粗糙度沿坡面的分布规律不明显,坑洼蓄积量总体上也表现为由坡上到坡下逐渐增大。相同雨强下,块石出露坡面地表粗糙度较雨前的变幅大于裸土坡面,坑洼蓄积量较雨前增大的倍数随块石出露度的增大而减小。(3)当块石出露度小于42.9%时,坑洼体积与产流率、产沙率有良好的线性关系。地表微地形因子可作为侵蚀结果预测的重要参数,也可为特大暴雨事件中漏测数据的补充提供理论基础。
Abstract:
To explore the variation of micro topography condition and its relationship with soil erosion on slope of yellow soil in karst region, we analyzed the variation of surface roughness and depression storage as well as its response to soil erosion by means of simulated rainfall experiments and 3D laser scanning technology. The experiments were all implemented on the plots with 25° slope gradient. Three levels of rainfall intensity(30,60,90 mm/h)and four grades of boulder outcropping(0,5.4%,13.1%,42.9%)were designed as the treatments in experiments. The results show that:(1)under the light rainfall with intensity of 30 mm/h, the existence of boulder outcropping could promote runoff initiation, and the runoff-yielding time was brought forward by 18.0%～57.2%. However, this phenomenon was not obvious under heavy rainfalls. The production of surface runoff and soil loss tended to increase and then decrease with the increase of boulder outcropping; in light(30 mm/h)and heavy rainfall cases(60,90 mm/h), the production of surface runoff and soil loss reached the maximum when the boulder outcropping was in the range of 5.4%～13.1% and 13.1%～42.9%, respectively;(2)the surface roughness and depression storage tended to increase from the top to the bottom of the non-boulder outcropping slope. However, the distribution of surface roughness along the boulder outcropping slope was in a random. On the whole, the depression storage also tended to increase from the top to the bottom along the boulder outcropping slope. Under the same rainfall effect, the variation amplitude of surface roughness on boulder outcropping slope was greater than that of non-boulder outcropping slope. Compared with before the rain, the multiple of depression storage decreased with the increase of boulder outcropping;(3)there were good linear relationships between depression storage and runoff and sediment rate when the boulder outcropping was less than 42.9%. Surface micro topography factors can be regarded as the important parameters for soil erosion prediction, and can provide theoretical basis for the supplement of missed data in heavy rainstorm events.

参考文献/References:

[1] 郑子成,吴发启,何淑勤,等.片蚀与细沟间侵蚀过程中地表微地形的变化[J].土壤学报,2011,48(5):931-937.
[2] 郑子成.坡面水蚀过程中地表糙度的作用及变化特征研究[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2007.
[3] 朱良君,张光辉.地表微地形测量及定量化方法研究综述[J].中国水土保持科学,2013,11(5):114-122.
[4] 张青峰,王健,赵龙山,等.基于M-DEM黄土人工锄耕坡面微地形特征研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2012,26(9):149-153.
[5] 唐辉,李占斌,李鹏,等.模拟降雨下坡面微地形量化及其与产流产沙的关系[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(24):127-133.
[6] 司梦可,曹建生,阳辉.微地形变化对地表水文过程影响的研究进展[J].中国生态农业学报,2019,27(10):1587-1595.
[7] 王林华,汪亚峰,王健,等.地表粗糙度对黄土坡面产流机制的影响[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(5):120-128.
[8] 吴发启,赵晓光,刘秉正.地表糙度的量测方法及对坡面径流和侵蚀的影响[J].西北林学院学报,1998,13(2):15-19.
[9] Zhao L S, Hou R, Wu F Q, et al. Effect of soil surface roughness on infiltration water, ponding and runoff on tilled soils under rainfall simulation experiments[J]. Soil and Tillage Research, 2018,179:47-53.
[10] Ding W F, Huang C H. Effects of soil surface roughness on interrill erosion processes and sediment particle size distribution[J]. Geomorphology, 2017,295:801-810.
[11] Zhao L S, Liang X L, Wu F Q. Soil surface roughness change and its effect on runoff and erosion on the Loess Plateau of China[J]. Journal of Arid Land, 2014,6(4):400-409.
[12] 马芊红,张科利.西南喀斯特地区土壤侵蚀研究进展与展望[J].地球科学进展,2018,33(11):1130-1141.
[13] Dai Q H, Peng X D, Yang Z, et al. Runoff and erosion processes on bare slopes in the Karst Rocky Desertification Area[J]. Catena, 2017,152:218-226.
[14] 刘正堂,戴全厚,倪九派,等.喀斯特地区裸土坡面土壤侵蚀的人工模拟降雨试验研究[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(5):12-16.
[15] 纪启芳,张兴奇,张科利,等.贵州省喀斯特地区坡面产流产沙特征[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(4):1-5.
[16] 赵斯琦.基于多尺度DEM的喀斯特地区土壤侵蚀地形因子研究[D].贵阳:贵州大学,2018.
[17] 王恒松,熊康宁,张芳美.地形因子对喀斯特坡面水土流失影响的机理研究[J].水土保持通报,2015,35(4):1-7.
[18] 殷清慧,谢世友,蔡先立.喀斯特石漠化皆伐迹地不同微地形和小生境下的土壤侵蚀差异[J].水土保持通报,2019,39(4):44-47.
[19] Li L, Nearing M A, Nichols M H, et al. Temporal and spatial evolution of soil surface roughness on stony plots[J]. Soil and Tillage Research, 2020,200.DOI:10.1016/j.still.2019.104526.
[20] Li L, Nearing M A, Polyakov V O, et al. Evolution of rock cover, surface roughness, and its effect on soil erosion under simulated rainfall[J]. Geoderma, 2020,379.DOI: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2020.114622.
[21] 张磊.基于核心地形因子分析的黄土地貌形态空间格局研究[D].南京:南京师范大学,2013.
[22] Poesen J, Ingelmo-Sanchez F. Runoff and sediment yield from topsoils with different porosity as affected by rock fragment cover and position[J]. Catena, 1992,19(5):451-474.
[23] 吴淑芳,刘勃洋,雷琪,等.基于三维重建技术的坡面细沟侵蚀演变过程研究[J].农业工程学报,2019,35(9):114-120.
[24] 熊康宁,黎平,周忠发,等.喀斯特石漠化的遥感GIS典型研究:以贵州省为例[M].北京:地质出版社,2002.
[25] 蒋忠诚,李先琨,胡宝清.广西岩溶山区石漠化及其综合治理研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2011.

相似文献/References:

[1]李永垚,熊康宁,罗娅.喀斯特石漠化综合治理工程科技贡献率测算研究进展[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(06):259.
　LI Yong-yao,XIONG Kang-ning,LUO Ya.Progress of Research on Measurement of Science and Technology Contribution Rate Concerning Karst Rocky Desertification Comprehensive Management Project[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(04):259.
[2]纪启芳,张兴奇,张科利,等.贵州省喀斯特地区坡面产流产沙特征[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(04):1.
　JI Qi-fang,ZHANG Xing-qi,ZHANG Ke-li,et al.Runoff and Sediment Characteristics of Slope Land in Karst Areas of Guizhou Province[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(04):1.
[3]腊贵晓,顾怀胜,刘国顺,等.喀斯特地区烟田土壤养分的空间变异特征[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(03):48.
　LA Gui-xiao,GU Huai-sheng,LIU Guo-shun,et al.Spatial Heterogeneity of Soil Nutrients in Karst Tobacco-growing Areas[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(04):48.
[4]王德光,胡宝清,饶映雪,等.基于网格法与ANN的县域喀斯特土地系统功能分区研究[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(02):131.
　WANG De-guang,HU Bao-qing,RAO Ying-xue,et al.Research on Functional Zoning of Karst Land System at County Regional Scale Based on the Methods of Lattice and ANN[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(04):131.
[5]张茵,刘松.喀斯特石漠化山区生态重建研究——以贵州省罗甸县大关村为例[J].水土保持研究,2001,8(02):80.
　ZHANG Yin,LIU Song.Study on Ecological Rehabilitation in Karst Regions——The Case of Daguan Village[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2001,8(04):80.
[6]何钢,蔡运龙,万军.生态重建模式的尺度视角—以我国西南喀斯特地区为例[J].水土保持研究,2003,10(03):83.
　HE Gang,CAI Yun-long,WAN Jun.Scale Perspective on Ecological Rehabilitation Model—Case Study in Karst Area of Southwest China[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2003,10(04):83.
[7]宋先花,蔡运龙.西南喀斯特石漠化地区生态建设产业化初探[J].水土保持研究,2003,10(03):87.
　SONG Xian-hua,CAI Yun-long.Industrialization of Ecological Construction in Karst Areas of Southwest China[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2003,10(04):87.
[8]吴秀芹,蔡运龙,蒙吉军.喀斯特山区土壤侵蚀与土地利用关系研究——以贵州省关岭县石板桥流域为例[J].水土保持研究,2005,12(04):46.
　WU Xiu-qin,CAI Yun-long,MENG Ji-jun.Impacts of Land Use on Soil Erosion in Karst Mountainous Area——A Case Study in Shibanqiao Catchment in Guanling county, Guizhou Province[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2005,12(04):46.
[9]彭建,蔡运龙,王尚彦,等.喀斯特石林发育的土壤学视角[J].水土保持研究,2005,12(04):49.
　PENG Jian,CAI Yun-long,WANG Shang-yan,et al.Study on the Role of Soil in Stone Forest Development[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2005,12(04):49.
[10]张冬青,林昌虎,何腾兵.贵州喀斯特环境特征与石漠化的形成[J].水土保持研究,2006,13(01):220.
　ZHANG Dong-qing,LIN Chang-hu,HE Teng-bing.Environmental Characteristic of Karst in Guizhou and Forming of Rock Desertification[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2006,13(04):220.

备注/Memo

收稿日期:2020-08-20 修回日期:2020-09-21
资助项目:国家自然科学基金重点项目“西南黄壤区不同尺度土壤侵蚀与泥沙运移规律耦合关系”(41730748)
第一作者:张思琪(1997—),女, 贵州纳雍县人,硕士,研究方向为土壤侵蚀与水土保持。E-mail:1134398589@qq.com
通信作者:张科利(1962—),男, 陕西宝鸡人,教授,主要从事土壤侵蚀研究。E-mail:keli@bnu.edu.cn

更新日期/Last Update: 2021-08-20