[1]张利超,葛佩琳,李朝霞,等.降雨侵蚀过程中红壤坡耕地地表微地貌演变特征[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(06):15-21.
　ZHANG Lichao,GE Peilin,LI Zhaoxia,et al.Characteristics of Soil Micro-relief of the Red Soil Sloping Farmland Under Rainfall Erosion[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2018,25(06):15-21.
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降雨侵蚀过程中红壤坡耕地地表微地貌演变特征

《水土保持研究》[ISSN:1005-3409/CN:61-1272/P] 卷: 25 期数: 2018年06期 页码: 15-21 栏目: 出版日期: 2018-10-26
Title:
Characteristics of Soil Micro-relief of the Red Soil Sloping Farmland Under Rainfall Erosion
作者:
张利超1,2, 葛佩琳1, 李朝霞2, 刘窑军1, 喻荣岗1
1. 江西省水土保持科学研究院 江西省土壤侵蚀与防治重点实验室, 南昌 330029;
2. 华中农业大学 农业部长江中下游耕地保育重点实验室, 武汉 430070
Author(s):
ZHANG Lichao1,2, GE Peilin1, LI Zhaoxia2, LIU Yaojun1, YU Ronggang1
1. Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Prevention, Jiangxi Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Nanchang 330029, China;
2. Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation, Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
关键词:
水土保持; 微地貌; 激光扫描; 糙度; 红壤
Keywords:
soil and water conservation; micro-relief; laser scanning; roughness; red soils
分类号:
S157
摘要:
以第四纪红黏土母质红壤和泥质页岩母质红壤等典型南方红壤为例，选取典型红壤坡耕地的野外原位试验小区，控制土表相同初始条件，分别在两种雨强下进行连续三场降雨，同时采用毫米级高精度激光扫描和计算机数字图像处理相结合的方法，研究了在降雨侵蚀过程中红壤坡耕地地表微地貌的演变特征，探讨了地表糙度、洼地蓄积量相关规律。结果表明：（1）连续降雨的进行，雨滴打击和径流搬运的联合作用导致地表糙度降低。第一场降雨带来糙度的迅速下降，第二、三场降雨对糙度的影响较小。在2 mm/min雨强下，第二、三场降雨过程中，3种红壤糙度都有不同程度的少量提高，结皮倾向于降低糙度，细沟倾向于提高糙度，地表糙度的变化取决于两者之间的平衡。糙度下降幅度表现为坡上部 > 坡中部 > 坡下部、团聚体水稳性低的土壤 > 团聚体水稳性高的土壤；（2）洼地蓄积量在连续降雨过程中总体呈下降趋势。在1 mm/min雨强下，红壤团聚体和结皮越稳定，洼地蓄积量下降幅度越小。在2 mm/min雨强下，雨强是影响洼地蓄积量变化的主导因素，不同红壤的差异不明显；（3）洼地蓄积量与地表糙度之间呈线性关系，所有处理的R2均达到了0.9以上。1 mm/min雨强下洼地蓄积量对地表糙度的敏感性比2 mm/min雨强大。对南方红壤区坡耕地坡面水蚀过程地表微地貌研究、红壤区坡耕地水土流失防治与水土保持规划设计具有一定的借鉴意义。
Abstract:
The red soil sloping farmland weathered from Quaternary red clay and shale was selected for the field rainfall simulation tests. At the same soil surface condition, the continuous three rainfall simulations were conducted under two rainfall intensities. The soil surface micro-relief characteristics such as soil roughness and depression storage capacity were analyzed by the mm-level high-precision laser scanning and computer digital image processing method. The results show that: (1) the soil surface roughness decreases due to the combined effects of the rainfall detachment and runoff transportation with the rainfall processing; the soil surface roughness decreases sharply during the first rainfall event at the intensity of 1 mm/min, the effects of the following two rainfall events are much slighter; under the rainfall intensity of 2 mm/min, the soil surface roughness increases moderately during the second and third rainfall events on all the three sloping farmlands; soil sealing tends to reduce the roughness, and rills tend to increase roughness, changes in surface roughness depend on the balance between the two factors; the changes of the roughness in different slope positions are different during continuous rainfall; for the upslope, roughness decreases most, for the midslope, roughness decreases in a certain degree, and the roughness of downslope decreased less; (2) the changes of depression storage capacity are similar to roughness that decreases during continuous rainfall events, especially for the first rainfall; the differences of the depression storage capacity of the tested three sloping farmland are demonstrated by the stability of aggregates and soil crusts; (3) linear correlation is found between depression storage capacity and soil surface roughness, and higher relationship coefficient is found under lower rainfall intensity of 1 mm/min. The results of this study may throw a light on the soil and water conservation of sloping farmlands in southern red soil region in the future.

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备注/Memo

收稿日期:2018-04-03;改回日期:2018-04-20。
基金项目:国家自然科学基金（41571266）；国家重点研发计划项目（2017YFC0505405；2017YFC0505406）；江西省科技计划重大项目（2015ZBBF60009）；江西省水利科技计划重大项目（KT201517）；江西省水利科技计划项目（KT201522）
作者简介:张利超(1983-),男,黑龙江省佳木斯市人,硕士,高级工程师,研究方向:水土保持科学研究、水土保持规划设计。E-mail:13617005728@163.com
通讯作者:李朝霞(1976-),女,湖北省丹江口市人,博士,教授,研究方向:土壤侵蚀过程及机理、水土保持与农业生态。E-mail:zxli@mail.hzau.edu.cn

更新日期/Last Update: 1900-01-01