[1]寇萌,焦菊英.黄土丘陵沟壑区抵抗土壤侵蚀的植物群落结构特征[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(06):7-14,21.
　KOU Meng,JIAO Juying.Structure of Erosion-Resistant Plant Community in the Hill-Gully Region of the Loess Plateau[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2018,25(06):7-14,21.
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黄土丘陵沟壑区抵抗土壤侵蚀的植物群落结构特征

《水土保持研究》[ISSN:1005-3409/CN:61-1272/P] 卷: 25 期数: 2018年06期 页码: 7-14,21 栏目: 出版日期: 2018-10-26
Title:
Structure of Erosion-Resistant Plant Community in the Hill-Gully Region of the Loess Plateau
作者:
寇萌1,2, 焦菊英2,3
1. 咸阳师范学院 资源环境与历史文化学院, 陕西 咸阳 712000;
2. 中国科学院 水利部 水土保持研究所 黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室, 陕西 杨凌 712100;
3. 西北农林科技大学 水土保持研究所, 陕西 杨凌 712100
Author(s):
KOU Meng1,2, JIAO Juying2,3
1. College of Resources & Environment and History & Culture, Xianyang Normal University, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, CAS & MWR, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China;
3. Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
关键词:
植物群落; 土壤侵蚀; 结构化植被因子指数
Keywords:
plant community; soil erosion; structure vegetation cover index
分类号:
S157
摘要:
黄土丘陵沟壑区水土流失严重，植被是防治水土流失的最有效和最根本措施。植物群落在垂直方向上由不同植被层组成，不同层具有不同的水土保持作用。因此，恢复具有合理结构与有效盖度的植被是控制该区水土流失、改善生态环境的根本途径。鉴于此，采用结构化植被因子指数（Cs）分析了不同群落的结构特征，并结合不同群落土壤侵蚀量的实测数据，探明了能够抵抗土壤侵蚀的群落结构特征。研究结果表明：不同水文年群落能有效抵抗土壤侵蚀的Cs值有明显差异，暴雨年份植物群落有效减少土壤侵蚀所需的Cs值较高。演替早期群落及人工林群落未表现出较强的减蚀能力，当Cs分别大于20%和30%左右，且草本层和枯落层盖度较大时，土壤侵蚀强度小于2 500 t/（km2·a），为轻度侵蚀。演替中、后期群落及自然乔、灌群落Cs分别大于30%和36%，且近地面的灌木、草本层及贴地面的枯落层中至少有一层盖度较大时，可有效减少土壤侵蚀，尤其在暴雨年份，禾本科植物群落及自然乔、灌群落能有效控制土壤侵蚀。当Cs分别大于38%和30%～40%，且近地面至少有一层盖度较大时，土壤侵蚀强度小于黄土高原地区允许土壤流失量[1 000 t/（km2·a）]。
Abstract:
The Loess Plateau is well known for its severe soil erosion. Vegetation was the most effective and essential measure to prevent and control soil erosion. Plant communities were composed by different vegetation layers in the vertical direction, and different vegetation layers had different functions for soil and water conservation. Therefore, vegetation with certain vegetation coverage and good structure has the good effects on soil and water conservation, which was the key that vegetation could conserve soil and water. In view of this, the structure vegetation cover index (Cs) was used to analyze the community structure which could resist soil erosion. Plant community structure vegetation cover index and soil erosion data in different plant communities were used to illuminate the community structure index that could indicate the abilities resisting soil erosion. The main results were as follows. The Cs values were obvious difference in different hydrological years. In the year of rainstorm, the communities need to have higher Cs value when it was able to effectively reduce soil erosion. Different communities have their own suitable structure vegetation cover index (Cs). Early succession community and afforestation did not show the strong erosion-resistant, when the Cs were more than 20% and 30%, respectively, and the cover of herb layer and litter layer was higher, the soil erosion intensity was less than 2 500 t/(km2·a), it was light erosion. When Cs of mid and late succession communities, and natural tree and shrub communities were more than 30%, and 36% respectively, and at least one of the cover of near surface layers (shrub, herb, litter layer) was higher, these communities could be effective in reducing soil erosion. Especially in the year of rainstorm, Gramineous plant communities, natural tree and shrub communities could effectively control soil erosion. When the Cs of these communities were more than 38% and 30%～40%, respectively, and at least one of the cover of near surface layers was higher, soil erosion intensity was less than soil loss tolerance [1 000 t/(km2·a)] in the Loess Plateau Region.

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备注/Memo

收稿日期:2017-12-21;改回日期:2018-01-08。
基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFC0501604）；国家自然科学基金面上项目（41771322）
作者简介:寇萌(1988-),女,陕西西安人,博士,讲师,主要从事土壤侵蚀与植被恢复研究。E-mail:mengkoumeng@126.com
通讯作者:焦菊英(1965-),女,陕西宝鸡人,博士,研究员,博导,主要从事植被恢复与水土保持环境效应评价研究。E-mail:jyjiao@ms.iswc.ac.cn

更新日期/Last Update: 1900-01-01