SHEN Zhen-zhou,YAO Wen-yi,LI Mian,et al.Study on Soil Erosion Sediment Under Different Underlying Horizon[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2010,17(01):6-9.
不同下垫面对坡面侵蚀特征的影响
- Title:
- Study on Soil Erosion Sediment Under Different Underlying Horizon
- Keywords:
- underlying surface; runoff; soil erosion
- 分类号:
- S157.1
- 摘要:
- 为研究不同下垫面对黄土坡面侵蚀特征的影响,2008年在黄河水利科学研究院模型黄河试验基地,用人工降雨的方法研究了黄土坡面小区在不同立地条件和不同雨强下的径流量、侵蚀量.结果表明：在小雨强条件下,裸地和坡耕地的径流量随时间延续逐渐增加,在试验进行到30min左右时达到波动稳定状态,约为10kg/min,约为相同雨强下草地坡面径流量的40倍左右.中雨强时,裸地和农耕地的径流量约是草地径流量的7倍;大雨强时,草地径流量在试验初期呈缓慢增加的态势,在试验进行到12min左右时基本稳定在10kg;裸地和农耕地径流量在试验初期急剧增加,在试验进行到20min左右时达到各自的最高点,然后维持在一个较低的水平.不同下垫面坡面在小雨强时,裸地和农耕地的侵蚀产沙量远远大于草地,约是其20倍,为10kg左右.中雨强时,裸地和农耕地的侵蚀产沙量约是草地的100倍左右;大雨强时,裸地和农耕地的侵蚀量仍远远大于草地的侵蚀量,二者在试验初期急剧增加,在试验进行到18min左右时达到各自的最高点,然后坡面侵蚀量维持在一个较低的水平.综合分析表明,草被覆盖坡面可以防护中小雨强下的土壤流失.
- Abstract:
- The runoff amount and soil erosion amount on different rainfall and different underlying horizon were analyzed in base of yellow river institute of hydraulic research at 2008.The results show:the runoff of bare slope and farm slope were increasingly with time,they got the steady runoff at experiment 30 min,they are 10 kg/min which is 40 times that of grass slope in small rainfall;the runoff amount of bare slope and farm slope are 7 times that of grass slope in middle rainfall;the runoff of grass slope was slowly increasing at the initial stage,it got the steady runoff at experiment continue 12 min,it’s 10 kg/min in heavy rainfall,the runoff of bare slope and farm slope were rapidly increasing at the initial stage,they got the maximum runoff at experiment continue 20 min,then they keep a low-level runoff amount in heavy rainfall.The soil erosion of bare slope and farm slope were 10 kg which were 20 times that of grass slope in small rainfall;The soil erosion amount of bare slope and farm slope is 100 times that of grass slope in middle rainfall;the soil erosion of bare slope and farm slope were rapidly increasing at the initial stage,they got the maximum soil erosion at experiment continue 18 min,then they keep a low-level soil erosion amount in heavy rainfall;the grass to cover slope could reduce the soil erosion in small and middle rainfall on the Loess Plateau.
参考文献/References:
[1] 傅伯杰,邱扬,王军,等.黄土丘陵小流域土地利用变化对水土流失的影响[J].地理学报,2002,57(6):718-721.
[2] 柳长顺,齐实,史明昌.土地利用变化与土壤侵蚀关系的研究进展[J].水土保持学报,2001,15(5):11-13.
[3] 张晓明,余新晓,武思宏,等.黄土丘陵沟壑区典型流域土地利用/土地覆被变化对径流产沙的影响[J].北京林业大学学报,2007,29(6):115-122.
[4] 李秀彬.全球环境变化研究的核心领域:土地利用/土地覆盖变化国际研究动向[J].地理学报,1995,51(6):553-558.
[5] 唐克丽,蔡庆.黄土高原土壤侵蚀过程和生态环境演变的关系[C]//黄河流域环境演变与水沙运行规律研究文集(第1集).北京:地质出版社,1991:62-73.
[6] 张胜利,李倬,赵文林,等.黄河中游多沙粗沙区水沙变化原因及发展趋势[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,1998:10-120.
[7] 张仁,丁联臻.黄河水沙变化的成因分析方法[C]//黄河水沙变化研究论文集(2卷).1993:188-237.
[8] 刘昌明.黄河下游断流的径流序列分析[J].地理学报,2000,55(3):257-265.
[9] 贾绍凤,梁季阳.黄土高原径流、产沙相互关系的研究[J].水土保持学报,1992,6(3):42-47.
[10] 黄奕龙,陈利顶,傅伯杰.黄土丘陵小流域生态用水试验研究[J].水科学进展,2006,117(11):14-19.
[11] 张洪江,李猛,江玉林.高速公路边坡侵蚀沟特性初步研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2007,29(6):143-146.
[12] 李卫红,袁磊.中国干旱区中小流域水土保持生物措施分析[J].宁夏大学学报,1999,20(2):129-132.
[13] 徐向舟,刘大庆,张红武.室内人工模拟降雨试验研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2006,28(5):52-58.
相似文献/References:
[1]罗婷,王文龙,李宏伟,等.开发建设中扰动地面新增水土流失研究[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(03):30.
LUO Ting,LI Hong-wei,BAI Yun.Study on the Newly Occurred Soil and Water Loss on the Disturbed Lands in the Site of Development and Construction[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(01):30.
[2]赵鹏宇,徐学选.黄土区不同土地经营方式径流量神经网络模拟[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(03):227.
ZHAO Peng-yu,XU Xue-xuan.Runoff Simulated with Neural Network under Different Management Patterns in Loess Region[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(01):227.
[3]汪有科,傅左,李立.坡面水土流失观测分析[J].水土保持研究,1991,(02):104.
Wang Youke,Fu Zuo,Li Li.AN ANALYSIS OF SOLL AND WATER LOSS ON HILLSLOPE[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,1991,(01):104.
[4]李锡泉,田育新,袁正科,等.湘西山地不同植被类型的水土保持效益研究[J].水土保持研究,2003,10(02):123.
LI Xiquan,TIAN Yuxin,YUAN Zhengke,et al.Effects of Different Vegetative Types on Soil and Water Conservation at Erosion Areas[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2003,10(01):123.
[5]孔令江,南峰,尹荣一,等.玛纳斯河1996年和1999年洪水事件的环境背景[J].水土保持研究,2003,10(03):102.
KONG Ling-jiang,NAN Feng,YIN Rong-yi,et al.The Environment Background of Floods of 1996 and 1999 in the Reach of the Manas River[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2003,10(01):102.
[6]李丽霞,郝明德,李鹏,等.模拟降雨条件下不同材料覆盖对水分入渗特征的影响[J].水土保持研究,2004,11(03):46.
LI Li-xia,HAO Ming-de,LI Peng,et al.Different Materials Effect on Infiltration Under Simulated Rainfall[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2004,11(01):46.
[7]李孝广,毕华兴,刘胜,等.Penman-Monteith蒸散模型及其在森林下垫面中参数的确定[J].水土保持研究,2005,12(06):257.
LI Xiao-guang,BI Hua-xing,LIU Sheng,et al.Penman-Monteith Evapotranspiration Model and Calculations of Its Parameters in Forest Underlying Surface[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2005,12(01):257.
[8]王兮之,索安宁,洪军,等.泾河典型流域水沙变化及其景观格局分析[J].水土保持研究,2006,13(04):260.
WANG Xi-zhi,SUO An-ning,HONG Jun,et al.Analysis of Runoff and Sediment Variation and Landscape Pattern of Typical Watersheds in Jinghe Basin[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2006,13(01):260.
[9]韩永刚,王维明,杨玉盛.闽北不同土地利用方式径流量动态变化特征[J].水土保持研究,2006,13(05):262.
HAN Yong-gang,WANG Wei-ming,YANG Yu-sheng.Change in Dynamics of Runoff in Different Land Use in Northern Fujian[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2006,13(01):262.
[10]陈雅琳,常学礼,崔步礼.山东半岛典型流域土地利用变化对径流的影响分析[J].水土保持研究,2007,14(01):104.
CHEN Ya-lin,CHANG Xue-li,CUI Bu-li.Analysis of Impacts of Land-use Change on Runoff in Typical River Basin in Shandong Peninsula[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2007,14(01):104.
[11]李强,李占斌,鲁克新,等.神府东胜矿区不同下垫面产流产沙试验研究[J].水土保持研究,2008,15(03):1.
LI Qiang,LI Zhan-bin,LU Ke-xin,et al.Effect of Different Underlying Surfaces on Runoff Generation and Sediment Yield in Shenfu-Dongsheng Coal Mining Area[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2008,15(01):1.
备注/Memo
收稿日期:2009-7-7。
基金项目:“973”国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(2007CB407201);黄河水利科学研究院科技发展基金(黄科发200806);黄委资助项目“黄土高原水土流失数学模型研发”(黄水保200651-7);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项项目(HKY-JBYW-2007-31);水利部公益性行业科研专项经费项目(200701035-05)
作者简介:申震洲(1980- ),男,硕士,河南汤阴人,工程师,主要研究方向:土壤侵蚀.E-mail:zzsh80@163.com
通讯作者:姚文艺(1957- ),男,河南西华人,博士,教高,主要研究方向:水土保持.E-mail:wyyao@yrihr.com.cn