QI Qing,WANG Tian-ming,KOU Xiao-Jun,et al.Quantitative Assessment of Soil Erosion in Small Watershed in Loess Plateau Based on GIS[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2009,16(03):1-5,37.
基于GIS的黄土高原小流域土壤侵蚀定量评价
- Title:
- Quantitative Assessment of Soil Erosion in Small Watershed in Loess Plateau Based on GIS
- 关键词:
- 土壤侵蚀; 修正土壤流失方程(RUSLE); QuickBird影像; 黄土高原
- Keywords:
- soil erosion; revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE); QuickBird image; Loess Plateau
- 分类号:
- S157.1;TP79
- 摘要:
- 以小流域为单元进行土壤侵蚀量的定量评价研究，是探索土壤流失规律和评价流域治理效益的一个重要途径和内容。根据修正通用土壤流失方程（RUSLE），在ArcGIS软件平台下，以QuickBird遥感影像作为主要数据源，计算了黄土高原南小河沟小流域土壤侵蚀量并定量分析了土壤侵蚀量与坡度和土地利用的关系。结果表明：南小河沟小流域年土壤侵蚀量88 504.2 t/a，平均土壤侵蚀模数为2 438.98 t/（km2·a），属于轻度接近于中度侵蚀强度，土壤侵蚀得到有效控制。随着坡度的增大土壤侵蚀量明显增加，>25°区域产生全流域80%以上的土壤侵蚀量。不同植被类型的土壤侵蚀模数依次为：天然草地>未成林地>疏林地>灌木林地>人工草地>乔木林地。改善疏林地、未成林地和天然草地的结构，加强难利用地和荒坡地的治理，提高植被覆盖度，是降低土壤侵蚀量的主要途径。
- Abstract:
- Taking small watershed as unit to quantitativly assess soil erosion is an important approach and content to explore the soil erosion rules and assess the benefit of watershed management. Based on the revised universal soil equation (RUSLE), the volume of soil erosion of Nanxiaohegou watershed which lies in Loess Plateau were evaluated using the GIS techniques and QuickBird remote sensing-images and the relationship of soil loss with slope gradient and land use were analyzed. Results showed that the annual soil erosion volume in Nanxiaohegou was 88 504.2 t/a,and soil erosion modulus reached 2 438.98 t/(km2·a),which was in the range of gently erosion and indicate the soil erosion had been greatly controlled. A significant positive relationship of the soil erosion volume with the slope gradient was observed, and the >25° units contribute more than 80% soil loss. Soil erosion varied sharply with different type of vegetations in a decreasing order of natural pasture > unformed forestland > sparse forest > shrub forest > cultivated grassland>arbor forest. Adjusting the structure of sparse forest, enhancing the management unformed forest and natural pasture, strengthening the management of unusable land and barren land to increase the vegetation coverage might be effective approaches to reduce soil erosion.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2008-10-7。
基金项目:“十一五” 科技支撑项目 “林业生态建设关键技术研究与示范” （2006BAD03A0206）；国家自然科学基金（40730631）
作者简介:齐清（1973- ），女，山东泰安人，博士，主要从事景观生态与可持续性科学研究。E-mail：qiqing27@163.com
通讯作者:葛建平（1962- ），男，新疆石河子人，教授，博士生导师，主要从事景观生态、城市生态、生态系统分析与评价等方向的研究。E-mail：gejp@bnu.edu.cn