QIAO Feng,ZHANG Ke-bin,ZHANG Wei-Jun,et al.The Different Desertification Controlling Measures in Yanchi County of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2006,13(02):54-57,117.
宁夏盐池县不同荒漠化治理措施生物多样性研究
- Title:
- The Different Desertification Controlling Measures in Yanchi County of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region
- 分类号:
- X171.1
- 摘要:
- 采用α-多样性指数即Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数、群落均匀度指数Jsw、生态优势度和β-多样性指数（相似性系数Cj），通过对比不同荒漠化治理措施（人工封育、退耕还林、撂荒地）固定样地生物多样性变化，对宁夏盐池县草原群落进行了研究。结果表明：（1）随着撂荒年限的延长，撂荒地植物群落趋于稳定、均匀，但更新速度较慢。（2）采用人工封育措施的样地，SW和JSW多样性指数由外围（对照）、边缘、核心依次增大，经过两年封育后多样性指数排序变为边缘>核心>外围（对照），草场破坏相对严重的边缘区植被得到了很快的恢复。（3）退耕还林样地，2001年实施了退耕还林后植物恢复很快，群落向趋于复杂稳定的方向发展。群落发生了明显的演替。2002年退耕还林样地群落稳定性变差，更新速度缓慢。此外，还进一步分析了引起植物多样性变化的主要原因。
- Abstract:
- The grassland community in Yanchi county, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region was measured by comparing the biodiversity of different fixed sample plots under the different desertification controlling measures (by converting farmland to forests, artificial fencing, and leaving land uncultivated), using the methods of α-diversity index (including Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson index, Jsw which is community evenness indices) and β-diversity index (measured by similarity coefficients). The results show that: (1) along with the year of leaving land uncultivated went on, plant community in leaving land uncultivated tends to stability and evenness, but the speed of regeneration is relatively slow. (2) For the artificial fencing plots, Shannon-Wiener index and Jsw index changed from the order of the SW index and Jsw index of core area of fringe areaof unfenced area to the order of that of fringe area of core area of unfenced area after two years of artificial fencing, and the grassland in marginal region that was destroyed relatively seriously was restored soon. (3) For the plots converting farmland to forests, plant restoration was fast after converting farmland to forests in 2001, and the plant community tends to complication and stability. Plant communities’ succession happened significantly. In 2002 the restoration speed of communities’ stability in plots of converting farmland to forests is slow. In addition, the main causes of why the biodiversity in Yanchi County became better than ever is also presented.
参考文献/References:
[1] 宝音,陶格涛.刘丹.农牧交错带多伦县耕地变化及问题分析[J].内蒙古大学学报(自然科学版),2001,32(6):657-660.
[2] 杨泰运,陈广庭.农牧交错地带土地生产力退化的初步研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,1991,5(3):75-82.
[3] 罗承平,薛纪瑜.中国北方农牧交错带生态环境脆弱性及其成因分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,1995,9(1):1-7.
[4] 张兰生,方修琦,任国玉.我国北方农牧交错带的环境演变[J].地学前缘,1997,4(1-2):127-135.
[5] 杨持.生态学实验与实习[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2003.91-92.
[6] 彭少麟,周厚诚,陈天杏,等.广东森林群落的组成结构数量特征[J].植物生态学与地植物学报,1989,13(1):10-17.
[7] 彭少麟,方炜,任海,等.鼎湖山厚壳桂群落演替过程的组成和结构动态[J].植物生态学报,1998,22(3):245-249.
[8] 曹成有,寇振武,蒋德明,等.科尔沁沙地丘间地植被演变的研究[J].植物生态学报,2000,24(3):262-267.
[9] 曹成有,蒋德明,阿拉木萨,等.科尔沁沙地沙漠化过程中植被退化的研究[J].应用生态学报,2001,12(supp.):25-29.
[10] 曹成有,南寅镐,骆永明,等.科尔沁沙地典型沙质草甸植被退化特征的研究[J].应用生态学报,2001,12(supp.):21-24.
[11] 曹成有.科尔沁沙地退化生态系统植被恢复与重建机制的研究[D].北京:中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,2002.58-61.
[12] 高贤明,马克平,黄建辉,等.北京东灵山地区植物群落多样性的研究Ⅺ山地草甸β多样性[J].生态学报,1998,18(1):24-32.
[13] 张光富,宋永昌.不同处理措施下浙江天童灌丛群落组成结构的变化[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(1):16-20.
[14] 马克平.生物群落多样性的测度方法[A].见:钱迎倩,马克平.生物多样性研究的原理与方法[C].北京:中国科学技术出版社,1994.141-165.
[15] Whittaker RH.物种多样性的进化和测度方法[J].分类学,1972,21(2):213-251.
[16] 马克平,刘灿然,刘玉明.生物群落多样性的测度方法:Ⅱ.β多样性的测度方法[J].生物多样性,1995,3(1):38-43.
[17] LI Xin-Rong.Study on shrub community diversity of Ordos Plateau Inner Mongolia,Northern China[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2001,47:271-279.
[18] Bray J R,Curis J D.An ordination of the upland forest communities of southern Wisconsin[J].Ecological Mongraphs,1957,27:325-349.
[19] Wolda H.Diversity,diversity indices and tropical cockroaches[J].Oecologia,1983,58:290-298.
[20] 张克斌,王锦林,侯瑞萍,等.我国农牧交错区土地荒漠化及其防治研究:以宁夏盐池县为例[J].中国水土保持科学,2003,1(1):85-90.
相似文献/References:
[1]全志杰,王成吉,毛晓利,等.毛乌素沙地西部区土地沙漠化动态遥感研究──以盐池县为例[J].水土保持研究,1995,2(02):158.
Quan Zhijie,Wang Chengji,Mao Xiaoli,et al.The Remote Sensing Study of Developments of Desertize of Soil of West Area of Maowusu Sand Soil──Taking the Yanchi County as an Example[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,1995,2(02):158.
[2]武弘麟.历史上中国北方农牧交错带土地利用演变过程[J].水土保持研究,1999,6(04):91.
Wu Honglin.The Variation of Land Use Patterns in the Agro-pastoral Zone in Northern China[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,1999,6(02):91.
[3]陈正新,尉恩凤,史世斌,等.内蒙古阴山北麓农牧交错带退化草地复壮对策[J].水土保持研究,2002,9(01):41.
CHEN Zheng-xin,YU En-feng,SHI Shi-bin,et al.Strategies for Rejuvenation of Degenerated Natural Grassland Within Northern Agro-grazing Ecotone of Yinshan Mountains, Inner Mongolia[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2002,9(02):41.
[4]盛学斌,刘云霞,孙建中.农牧交错带土壤及表生植被某些特性变异与荒漠化的相关性——以冀北康保县为例[J].水土保持研究,2002,9(03):24.
SHENG Xuebin,LIU Yunxia,SUN Jianzhong.Relation Between Some Variations of Soil and Surface Vegetation and Desertization in Agriculture-pasture Interlacing Zone——An Example From Kangbao County, North Hebei[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2002,9(02):24.
[5]马治国,郑大玮,段玉,等.黄土高原北部农牧交错带的生态问题与农业可持续发展[J].水土保持研究,2004,11(03):240.
MA Zhi-guo,ZHENG Da-wei,DUAN Yu,et al.Problems and Countermeasures of Ecology and Sustainable Development of Agriculture in the Ecotone of the North Loess Plateau[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2004,11(02):240.
[6]赫晓慧,常庆瑞,李锐,等.陕北农牧交错带不同人工植被下的土壤质量研究[J].水土保持研究,2005,12(01):10.
HE Xiao-hui,CHANG Qing-rui,LI Rui,et al.Study on the Soil Quality in Agriculture and Animal Interlace Zone Under the Different Artificial Vegetations[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2005,12(02):10.
[7]胡霞,刘连友,严平,等.农牧交错带不同地表土壤水分特征研究——以内蒙古太仆寺旗为例[J].水土保持研究,2006,13(02):105.
HU Xia,LIU Lian-you,YAN Ping,et al.The Effect of Different Soil Surface on Soil Moisture in the Farming-pastoral Ecotone Zone——A Study Case of Taipusi Banner, Inner Mongolia[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2006,13(02):105.
[8]李瑞,张克斌,杨晓晖,等.荒漠化草原人工封育区植物生态位研究——以宁夏盐池为例[J].水土保持研究,2006,13(02):213.
LI Rui,ZHANG Ke-bin,YANG Xiao-hui,et al.The Studies on Vegetable Niche of Prohibited Grassland in Desertification Region——Taking Yanchi County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous as an Example[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2006,13(02):213.
[9]杨树,温雨金,刘鸿雁.内蒙古中部地区退耕还林还草后植被与土壤性状的变化[J].水土保持研究,2006,13(04):143.
YANG Shu,WEN YU-jin,LIU Hong-yan.Ecological Effects of Mandatory Conversion of Marginal Farmland to Forestland and Grassland in Central Inner Mongolia[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2006,13(02):143.
[10]杨俊杰,张克斌,乔锋,等.盐池县四儿滩湿地及其周边植物多样性研究[J].水土保持研究,2006,13(05):61.
YANG Jun-jie,ZHANG Ke-bin,QIAO Feng,et al.Study on Vegetation Diversity of Siertan Wetland and Its Surroundings in Yanchi County[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2006,13(02):61.
[11]魏建群,张克斌,杨俊杰,等.封育对北方农牧交错带荒漠化地区植被恢复作用的研究——以宁夏盐池县为例[J].水土保持研究,2007,14(01):208.
WEI Jian-qun,ZHANG Ke-bin,YANG Jun-jie,et al.Study on Effects of Artificial Fencing on Rehabilitation of Vegetation in the Ecotone of Agriculture-animal Husbandry——Taking Yanchi County of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region as an Example[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2007,14(02):208.
备注/Memo
收稿日期:2005-5-17;改回日期:。
基金项目:国家林业局荒漠化监测项目（660550）
作者简介:乔锋（1978- ），男，山西临汾人，硕士，主要研究方向：荒漠化防治与监测。
通讯作者:张克斌