[1]龚家国,庞金城,贾仰文,等.黄土区浅沟侵蚀影响因素对其侵蚀速率影响的模拟试验研究[J].水土保持研究,2011,18(01):7-11.
　GONG Jia-guo,PANG Jin-cheng,JIA Yang-wen,et al.Experimental Study on Influencing Factors of Ephemeral Gully Erosion on Losses Slope[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2011,18(01):7-11.
点击复制

黄土区浅沟侵蚀影响因素对其侵蚀速率影响的模拟试验研究

《水土保持研究》[ISSN:1005-3409/CN:61-1272/P] 卷: 18 期数: 2011年01期 页码: 7-11 栏目: 出版日期: 2011-02-20
Title:
Experimental Study on Influencing Factors of Ephemeral Gully Erosion on Losses Slope
作者:
龚家国1, 庞金城2, 贾仰文1, 王文龙3, 周祖昊1, 彭辉1
1. 中国水利水电科学研究院 水资源研究所, 北京 100038;
2. 陕西省渭河流域管理局, 西安 710018;
3. 中国科学院水利部 水土保持研究所 黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室, 陕西 杨凌 712100
Author(s):
GONG Jia-guo1, PANG Jin-cheng2, JIA Yang-wen1, WANG Wen-long3, ZHOU Zu-hao1, PENG Hui1
1. Department of Water Resources, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, China;
2. Administration of Weihe River in Shaanxi Province, Xi’an 710018, China;
3. State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, CAS and MWR, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
关键词:
黄土; 浅沟侵蚀; 影响因素; 雨强; 坡度; 上游汇水面积; 耕作
Keywords:
Loess; ephemeral gully erosion; influence factors; rainfall intensity; slope gradient; upper catchment area; tillage
分类号:
S157.1
摘要:
浅沟侵蚀是黄土高原丘陵沟壑区的主要侵蚀类型之一。利用室内模拟降雨与放水相结合的研究方法，对雨强、上游汇水面积、坡度和耕作等因素对浅沟侵蚀的影响进行了初步研究，结果表明：浅沟侵蚀发生的速率与坡度、雨强和汇水面积均呈正相关关系。耕作通过改变表层土壤结构，改变了浅沟侵蚀随雨强、坡度和上游汇水面积与侵蚀速率的响应关系。且在较小坡度坡面上，耕作显著减少由于雨强变化引起的侵蚀变化，但在大坡度和大雨强条件下，耕作对雨强引起的侵蚀变化有加强作用。
Abstract:
Ephemeral gully erosion is an important erosion type in hilly area of Loess Plateau. The influence of rainfall intensity, area of upper catchment, gradient and tillage to ephemeral gully was studied preliminarily by simulating experiments. Main conclusions as follows: there was positive correlation between ephemeral gully erosion velocity and slope gradient, rainfall intensity, upper catchment area; Tillage changed the response relationship between rainfall intensity, slope gradient, upper catchment area and erosion velocity by changing the surface soil structure. Erosion velocity showed accelerating trend from small slope and small catchment area to steep slope and large catchment area. On lesser gradient slope, tillage reduced the erosion changes invited by rainfall intensity significantly, but on bigger gradient slope, tillage increased erosion velocity under bigger rainfall intensity. This study can provide with theoretical support for understanding characteristic of ephemeral gully erosion deeply, developing the mechanism.

参考文献/References:

[1] 朱显谟.黄土区土壤侵蚀的分类[J].土壤学报, 1956, 4(2):99-115.
[2] 甘枝茂.陕北黄土高原的土壤侵蚀类型[J].陕西师范大学学报:自然科学版, 1981(Z1):46-49.
[3] 姜永清, 王占礼, 胡光荣, 等.瓦背状浅沟分布特征分析[J].水土保持研究, 1999, 6(2):181-184.
[4] 王文龙, 雷阿林, 李占斌, 等.土壤侵蚀链内细沟浅沟切沟流动力机制研究[J].水科学进展, 2003, 14(4):471-475.
[5] 王文龙, 莫翼翔, 雷阿林, 等.黄土区土壤侵蚀链各垂直带水沙流时空分布特征研究[J].水动力学研究与进展:A辑, 2003, 18(5):540-546.
[6] 刘宝元.黄土高原坡面沟蚀的类型及其发生发展规律[J].中国科学院西北水土保持研究所集刊, 1988, 7:9-18
[7] 张科利.浅沟发育对土壤侵蚀作用的研究[J].中国水土保持, 1991(1):17-19.
[8] 张科利.陕北黄土高原丘陵沟壑区坡耕地浅沟侵蚀及其防治途径[D].陕西杨凌:中国科学院西北水土保持研究所, 1998.
[9] 张科利, 唐克丽.浅沟发育与陡坡开垦历史的研究[J].水土保持学报, 1992, 6(2):59-62.
[10] 郑粉莉, 张成娥.林地开垦后坡面侵蚀过程与土壤养分流失的研究[J].水土保持学报, 2002, 16(1):44-46.
[11] Zheng Fenli, He Xiubin, Xuetian Gao, et al. Effects of erosion patterns on nutrient loss following deforestation on the Loess Plateau of China[J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 2005:85-97.
[12] 刘宝元, 朱显谟.黄土高原土壤侵蚀垂直分带性研究[J].中国科学院西北水土保持研究所集刊, 1988, 7:5-8.
[13] 张科利, 唐克丽, 王斌科.黄土高原坡面浅沟侵蚀特征值的研究[J].水土保持学报, 1991, 5(2):8-13.
[14] 唐克丽, 张科利.黄土丘陵区退耕上限坡度的研究论证[J].科学通报, 2000, 43(2):200-203.
[15] 武敏, 郑粉莉, 黄斌.黄土坡面汇流汇沙对浅沟侵蚀影响的试验研究[J].水土保持研究, 2004, 11(4):74-76, 90.
[16] 江忠善, 王志强.黄土丘陵区小流域土壤侵蚀空间变化定量研究[J].土壤侵蚀与水土保持学报, 1996, 2(1):1-10.
[17] 杨春霞, 吴卿, 杨剑锋, 等.人工模拟坡面产流试验研究[J].中国水土保持, 2003(6):24-25.
[18] 夏军, 乔云峰, 宋献方, 等.岔巴沟流域不同下垫面对降雨径流关系影响规律分析[J].资源科学, 2007, 29(1):70-76.

相似文献/References:

[1]苏子龙,崔明,范昊明.东北漫岗黑土区防护林带分布对浅沟侵蚀的影响[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(03):20.
　SU Zi-long,CUI Ming,FAN Hao-ming.Effect of Shelterbelts Distribution on Ephemeral Gully Erosion in the Rolling-hilly Black Soil Region of Northeast China[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(01):20.
[2]王占礼,王亚云,黄新会,等.黄土裸坡土壤侵蚀过程研究[J].水土保持研究,2004,11(04):84.
　WANG Zhan-li,WANG Ya-yun,HUANG Xin-hui,et al.Soil Erosion Process Research of the Loess Bare Slope[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2004,11(01):84.
[3]李喜安,彭建兵,郑书彦,等.湿陷性黄土地区土壤洞穴侵蚀模式研究[J].水土保持研究,2005,12(06):25.
　LI Xi-an,PENG Jian-bing,ZHENG Shu-yan,et al.Study on Cave Erosion Modes in the Collapsible Loess Area[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2005,12(01):25.
[4]徐树建,潘保田,胡春生,等.香山北麓末次冰期风成沉积物粒度的空间变化研究[J].水土保持研究,2006,13(02):4.
　XU Shu-jian,PAN Bao-tian,HU Chun-sheng,et al.Study on Grain-size of the Aeolian Sediments in the Northern Fringe of Xiangshan Mountain During the Last Glacial[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2006,13(01):4.
[5]徐树建,杜忠花.激光粒度仪测量风成堆积物粒度的实验研究[J].水土保持研究,2007,14(02):209.
　XU Shu-jian,DU Zhong-hua.Study on Experiment of Particle Size of Aeolian Deposits From Laser Diffraction Size Analyzer[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2007,14(01):209.
[6]李贵玉,徐学选,王俊华,等.黄土丘陵区不同植被下土体入渗性能研究[J].水土保持研究,2007,14(03):27.
　LI Gui-yu,XU Xue-xuan,WANG Jun-hua,et al.The Comparing Study on Soil Infiltration of Vegetation Land in Hilly Area of Loess Plateau[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2007,14(01):27.
[7]梁伟,高德彬,倪万魁,等.植树防护在黄土路堑高边坡坡面防护的应用[J].水土保持研究,2008,15(02):200.
　LIANG Wei,GAO De-bin,NI Wan-kui,et al.Application of Planting Trees to Protection Engineering for Highway Loess Cutting-Slopes[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2008,15(01):200.
[8]陈晓歌,马耀光.不同灌水和施氮对黄土性土壤中NO3--N迁移和淋失的影响[J].水土保持研究,2008,15(05):109.
　CHEN Xiao-ge,MA Yao-guang.Effect of Different Irrigation Water and Nitrigen Rate on Transfer and Leach Soil NO3--N in Loess Soil[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2008,15(01):109.
[9]武敏,郑粉莉,黄斌.黄土坡面汇流汇沙对浅沟侵蚀影响的试验研究[J].水土保持研究,2004,11(04):74.
　WU Min,ZHENG Fen-li,HUANG Bin.Experimental Study on Upslope Runoff Effects on Ephemeral Gully Erosion Processes at Loessial Hillslope[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2004,11(01):74.
[10]刘元保.黄土高原集流槽的发育与控制[J].水土保持研究,1990,(02):34.
　Liu Yuanbao.Development of Runoff Groove on Loess Plateau and Its Control[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,1990,(01):34.

备注/Memo

收稿日期:2010-5-31;改回日期:2010-8-20。
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（50709041，50779074，50939006，50721140161）；“十一五”国家科技支撑计划课题（2006BAB06B06）；中国水科院博士生学位论文创新研究资助课题
作者简介:龚家国（1977- ），男，湖北枣阳人，博士研究生，主要从事水文水资源、土壤侵蚀与水土保持等基础研究。E-mail：jiaguogong@163.com

更新日期/Last Update: 1900-01-01