Chen Jia,Fan Pingping,Long Wentao,et al.Research Progress in Mechanism of Impact of Soil Erosion on Heavy Metal Migration[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2024,31(01):460-470.[doi:10.13869/j.cnki.rswc.2024.01.001]
土壤侵蚀对重金属迁移的作用规律与机制研究进展
- Title:
- Research Progress in Mechanism of Impact of Soil Erosion on Heavy Metal Migration
- 文章编号:
- 1005-3409(2024)01-0460-11
- 分类号:
- S157.1; X53
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- [目的]揭示土壤侵蚀作用下重金属的迁移规律,阐明重金属在土壤侵蚀作用下的迁移机制,为重金属的污染防治提供科学指导。[方法]基于国内外有关土壤侵蚀作用下重金属迁移的文章,从土壤性质、重金属性质、环境因子3方面就土壤侵蚀对重金属迁移的作用规律与机制进行系统研究。[结果](1)侵蚀作用下土壤重金属主要以颗粒态形式进行横向/纵向迁移,溶解态重金属迁移占比小但活性强,侵蚀造成沉积区的泥沙特性与侵蚀区土壤存在差异,可能影响重金属富集特征的空间分布格局;(2)土壤pH、有机质和黏粒含量越高,吸附重金属的能力越强,重金属被释放迁移的能力越弱;(3)土壤重金属的赋存形态对其迁移方式有影响,一般溶解态重金属主要来源于有效态,而相对稳定的残渣态通常以颗粒态形式迁移;(4)降雨、地形、植被等环境因子影响泥沙颗粒的迁移过程,并优先迁移细颗粒,使泥沙粒径分布随迁移路径呈一定的变化规律。[结论]侵蚀作用下重金属迁移受土壤—重金属性质及环境因子等多种因素影响,未来研究可重点关注不同地质背景与污染成因条件下土壤侵蚀对重金属迁移过程的影响; 不同粒径土壤颗粒的重金属赋存形态异质性研究; 喀斯特地下漏失对重金属迁移的作用机理,探究不同侵蚀条件下重金属地表流失与地下漏失的分配机制。
- Abstract:
- [Objective] The aims of this study are to reveal the migration rule of heavy metals under soil erosion, clarify the migration mechanism of heavy metals under soil erosion, and provide scientific guidance for the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution. [Methods] Based on the domestic and foreign articles on the migration of heavy metals under soil erosion, the role of soil erosion on the migration of heavy metals was systematically summarized from three aspects: soil properties, heavy metal properties, and environmental factors. [Results](1)Under erosion, the soil heavy metals mainly migrate horizontally and vertically in the form of particles, and the dissolved heavy metals account for a small proportion but have strong activity. The sediment characteristics of the sediment area caused by erosion are different from those of the soil in the erosion area, which may affect the spatial distribution pattern of heavy metal enrichment characteristics.(2)The higher the soil pH, organic matter, and clay content, the stronger the ability to adsorb heavy metals, and the weaker the ability of heavy metals to be released and migrated.(3)The speciation of heavy metals in soil plays an important role in their migration form. Generally, dissolved heavy metals mainly come from the available form, while relatively stable residual forms usually migrate in the particulate form.(4)Environmental factors such as rainfall, terrain, and vegetation affect the migration process of sediment particles, and prioritize the migration of fine particles, resulting in a certain variation pattern of sediment particle size distribution along the migration path. [Conclusion] Heavy metal migration under erosion is affected by soil/heavy metal properties and environmental factors. Future research can focus on: the impact of soil erosion on the migration process of heavy metals under different geological backgrounds and pollution causes; study on the heterogeneity of heavy metal speciation in soil particles with different particle sizes; the mechanism of underground leakage in karst areas on the migration of heavy metals, and the distribution mechanism of heavy metal surface loss and underground leakage under different erosion conditions.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2023-02-05 修回日期:2023-02-25
资助项目:自然资源部开放课题基金“喀斯特区浅层岩溶裂隙土壤漏失对Cd迁移的影响机制”(YRSW-2023-086)
第一作者:陈佳(1983—),男,安徽铜陵人,博士,副教授,主要从事土壤侵蚀及其环境效应研究。E-mail:chen_li@nwafu.edu.cn