YANG Jianhe,YAN Dongchun,WEN Anbang.Spatiotemporal Variation Characteristics of Surface Change and Soil Erosion in Jinsha River Basin in the Past Decade[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2023,30(05):13-20.[doi:10.13869/j.cnki.rswc.2023.05.018.]
金沙江流域近十年地表变化与土壤侵蚀时空变化特征
- Title:
- Spatiotemporal Variation Characteristics of Surface Change and Soil Erosion in Jinsha River Basin in the Past Decade
- 文章编号:
- 1005-3409(2023)05-0013-08
- Keywords:
- soil erosion; temporal and spatial changes; Jinsha River Basin; Chinese Soil Loss Equation
- 分类号:
- S157.1
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- [目的]金沙江流域是长江上游生态脆弱区和西部大开发的重要区域,定量评价金沙江流域土壤侵蚀变化和空间分布对当地水土流失防治和生态修复保护具有重要意义。[方法]采用CSLE模型开展2010—2020年金沙江流域土壤侵蚀定量估算与分析。[结果]2010—2020年金沙江流域变化显著的是草地面积,净减少6 059.7 km2,耕地面积净增加2 294.38 km2,植被覆盖为0.6以上盖度面积减少57.70%; 金沙江流域2010年和2020年土壤侵蚀模数分别为17.06 t/(hm2·a),24.56 t/(hm2·a)。10年间,侵蚀等级由低强度向高强度转变,金沙江流域上游和中游(青海直门达至云南石鼓段和石鼓至四川屏山段)侵蚀等级由轻度向中度转移显著; 金沙江流域侵蚀强度空间分布上,2010年和2020年8°以上坡段侵蚀量占比分别达92.71%,93.80%,高程在3 000～4 000 m的侵蚀模数增量显著,增幅为63.5%。[结论]金沙江流域土地利用和植被覆盖变化引起土壤侵蚀由轻度向中度转移现象明显,应重点关注金沙江流域各段不同坡度和海拔带土壤侵蚀变化趋势,以期为水土流失治理提供数据支撑。
- Abstract:
- [Objective] Jinsha River Basin is an ecologically fragile area in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and an important area for the development of the western region. Quantitative evaluation of soil erosion change and spatial distribution in Jinsha River Basin is of great significance for local soil erosion control and ecological restoration and protection. [Methods] Chinese Soil Loss Equation(CSLE)model was used to carry out quantitative estimation and analysis of soil erosion in Jinsha River Basin from 2010 to 2020. [Results] The obvious changes in Jinsha River Basin from 2010 to 2020 were the net decrease of grassland area by 6 059.7 km2, the net increase of cultivated land area by 2 294.38 km2, and the decrease of vegetation coverage area above 0.6 by 57.70%. The soil erosion modulus of Jinsha River Basin in 2010 and 2020 were 17.06 t/(hm2·a)and 24.56 t/(hm2·a), respectively. In the past ten years, the erosion grade changed from low intensity to high intensity, and the erosion grade in the upper and middle reaches of Jinsha River Basin(Zhimenda in Qinghai to Shigu section in Yunnan and Shigu to Pingshan section in Sichuan)changed from mild level to moderate level. In terms of spatial distribution of erosion intensity in Jinsha River Basin, the proportion of erosion amount on the slopes with above 8° in 2010 and 2020 was 92.71% and 93.80%, respectively. The increment of erosion modulus between 3 000 m and 4 000 m was remarkable, and the increase was 63.5%. [Conclusion] The change in land use and vegetation cover in Jinsha River Basin leads to the obvious transfer of soil erosion from mild level to moderate level. We should focus on the change trend of soil erosion in different slopes and elevation zones of Jinsha River Basin in order to provide data support for soil erosion control.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2022-07-06 修回日期:2022-07-29
资助项目:国家重点研发计划项目“长江流域典型区域产流产沙综合机制研究”(2016YFC0402301-02)
第一作者:杨建和(1995—),男,云南香格里拉人,硕士研究生,研究方向为土壤侵蚀与水土保持。E-mail:yangjianhe@imde.ac.cn
通信作者:严冬春(1981—),男,湖北宜昌人,博士,副研究员,主要从事土壤侵蚀与水土保持生态修复方面的教学研究工作。E-mail:yandc@imde.ac.cn