ZHANG Yan,SHI Feihang,ZHANG Yue,et al.Temporal and Spatial Changes and Driving Factors of Soil Erosion in the Middle Reaches of the Yellow River[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2023,30(05):1-12.[doi:10.13869/j.cnki.rswc.2023.05.003.]
黄河中游土壤侵蚀时空变化及驱动因素
- Title:
- Temporal and Spatial Changes and Driving Factors of Soil Erosion in the Middle Reaches of the Yellow River
- 文章编号:
- 1005-3409(2023)05-0001-12
- Keywords:
- soil erosion; RUSEL model; geographic detector; temporal and spatial variation; middle reaches of the Yellow River
- 分类号:
- S157
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- [目的]揭示流域生态工程措施和自然因素对土壤侵蚀演变的影响效应,量化工程因子和水文因子对水土流失的抑制程度,为黄土高原区流域土壤侵蚀综合防治和生态环境质量改善研究提供参考。[方法]基于黄河中游地区77个气象站点降雨数据以及流域内四期土地利用类型、植被覆盖度、数字高程模型、土壤质地等资料,通过提取流域降水、地形、气候、土壤和土地利用等因子,采用RUSEL模型和地理探测器方法,开展了土壤侵蚀时空变化及驱动因素研究。[结果]黄河中游地区2000—2010年侵蚀减幅最显著,在生态工程影响下,海拔1 000～1 500 m,8°～15°,半阳坡和半阴坡的土壤流失量减少最剧烈; 水土流失治理成效表现为林地>草地>耕地,且植被覆盖度30%～50%区间内侵蚀面积变化最剧烈,为退耕还林工程重点恢复重建区。黄河中游多年间降雨呈西北向东南逐渐增加,在地形影响下空间垂直差异会发生变化,年际间呈不显著波动上升趋势,具有加剧土壤侵蚀的潜在条件。植被覆盖度呈线性波动上升的趋势,增量从西北到东南呈递增趋势,植被覆盖度是影响土壤侵蚀的主控因素; 黄河中游植被覆盖度与坡度的交互作用影响力最强,且植被覆盖度、坡度与其他因子协同作用可以显著性增强对土壤侵蚀格局演变的作用力。[结论]黄河中游以微度侵蚀为主,多出现在植被发育良好的低海拔地带,中度以上侵蚀出现在黄土高原腹地的粗沙多沙区; 黄河中游长期呈农牧为主体的土地利用格局,多年间坡度较陡的耕地不断流向对地形适应性和弹性较高的林草地,反映了国家退耕工程核心一部分是将坡耕地变为林、草地; 黄河中游以植被覆盖变化为主要特征的生态工程主导了土壤侵蚀量下降的过程和程度,且任意两种因子交互作用的驱动力均大于单个因子。
- Abstract:
- [Objective] In order to provide a reference for the thorough control of watershed soil erosion and the improvement of ecological environment quality in the Loess Plateau region, the effects of ecological engineering measures and natural factors on soil erosion evolution were revealed, and the inhibition degrees of engineering factors and hydrological factors on soil erosion were quantified. [Methods] Based on the rainfall data of 77 meteorological stations in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, land use types, vegetation coverage, digital elevation model, soil texture and other data of four periods in the basin, the RUSEL model and geographic detector method were used to study the spatiotemporal changes and driving factors of soil erosion by extracting precipitation, topography, climate, soil and land use in the basin. [Results] The largest reduction in sediment erosion in the Yellow River's middle sections between 2000 and 2010 was observed. Soil loss significantly reduced due to ecological engineering at altitudes between 1 000 and 1 500 m, at slope gradients between 8° and 15°, and on hillsides that were both semi-shaded and semi-sunny. The capacity of soil and water loss control decreased in the order: forestland>grassland>cultivated land, and the erosion area changed most dramatically in the range of 30%～50% vegetation coverage, which was the key restoration and reconstruction area of the project of converting farmland to forest. In the middle reaches of the Yellow River, rainfall increased gradually from northwest to southeast over the years, and the spatial vertical difference changes under the influence of topography, and the interannual fluctuation increased insignificantly, which had the potential to aggravate soil erosion. Vegetation coverage increased linearly, and its increment increased from northwest to southeast. Vegetation coverage was the main controlling factor affecting soil erosion. In the middle Yellow River, the interaction between vegetation coverage and the slope was the strongest, and the synergistic effects of vegetation coverage, slope and other factors could significantly enhance the force on soil erosion pattern evolution. [Conclusion] In the middle reaches of the Yellow River, the land use pattern was dominated by agriculture and animal husbandry for a long time, and the cultivated land with steep slopes flowed continuously to the forest and grassland with high topographic adaptability and elasticity over the years, reflecting that the core part of the national farmland conversion project is to convert sloping land into forest and grassland. The ecological engineering mainly characterized by vegetation cover change dominated the process and degree of soil erosion reduction in the middle Yellow River, and the driving force of the interaction of any two factors was greater than that of a single factor.
参考文献/References:
[1] 张光辉.对土壤侵蚀研究的几点思考[J].水土保持学报,2020,34(4):21-30.
[2] 李宗善,杨磊,王国梁,等.黄土高原水土流失治理现状、问题及对策[J].生态学报,2019,39(20):7398-7409.
[3] 邓景成,高鹏,穆兴民,等.黄土高原退耕还林工程对生态环境的影响及对策建议[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(5):63-68.
[4] 穆兴民,顾朝军,孙文义,等.植被恢复改变黄土高原产流模式问题初探[J].人民黄河,2019,41(10):31-39.
[5] 林依雪,李艳忠,余文君,等.植被恢复工程对黄河中游12个典型流域水热平衡的影响研究[J].地理研究,2020,39(11):2593-2606.
[6] Renard K G. Predicting soil erosion by water: A guide to conservation planning with the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation(RUSLE)[R]. US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1997.
[7] 王欢,高江波,侯文娟.基于地理探测器的喀斯特不同地貌形态类型区土壤侵蚀定量归因[J].地理学报,2018,73(9):1674-1686.
[8] 刘文超,刘纪远,匡文慧.陕北地区退耕还林还草工程土壤保护效应的时空特征[J].地理学报,2019,74(9):1835-1852.
[9] 李佳蕾,孙然好,熊木齐,等.基于RUSLE模型的中国土壤水蚀时空规律研究[J].生态学报,2020,40(10):3473-3485.
[10] Li P, Chen J, Zhao G, et al. Determining the drivers and rates of soil erosion on the Loess Plateau since 1901[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2022,823:153674.
[11] 李艳忠,刘昌明,刘小莽,等.植被恢复工程对黄河中游土地利用/覆被变化的影响[J].自然资源学报,2016,31(12):2005-2020.
[12] 祝艳波,兰恒星,彭建兵,等.黄河中游地区水土灾害机理与灾害链效应研究进展[J].人民黄河,2021,43(8):108-116,147.
[13] Zhang Y, Chao Y, Fan R, et al. Spatial-temporal trends of rainfall erosivity and its implication for sustainable agriculture in the Wei River Basin of China[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2021,245:106557.
[14] Xie Y, Yin S, Liu B, et al. Models for estimating daily rainfall erosivity in China[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2016,535:547-558.
[15] Williams J R, Jones C A, Dyke P T. A modeling approach to determining the relationship between erosion and soil productivity[J]. Transactions of the Asae, 1984,27(1):129-0144.
[16] 符素华,刘宝元,周贵云,等.坡长坡度因子计算工具[J].中国水土保持科学,2015,13(5):105-110.
[17] 蔡崇法,丁树文,史志华,等.应用USLE模型与地理信息系统IDRISI预测小流域土壤侵蚀量的研究[J].水土保持学报,2000,14(2):19-24.
[18] 郭达,宋小宁,董震,等.基于RUSLE与GIS的黄土高原水土流失评价研究:以宁夏中卫地区为例[J].泥沙研究,2020,45(5):55-60.
[19] 李天宏,郑丽娜.基于RUSLE模型的延河流域2001—2010年土壤侵蚀动态变化[J].自然资源学报,2012,27(7):1164-1175.
[20] 刘宇林.黄土高原土壤侵蚀对植被恢复的响应[D].陕西杨凌:中国科学院大学(中国科学院教育部水土保持与生态环境研究中心),2020.
[21] 周璐红,王盼婷,曹瑞超.2000—2020年延安市土壤侵蚀驱动因素分析及生态安全评价[J].生态与农村环境学报,2022,38(4):511-520.
[22] 章诞武,丛振涛,倪广恒.基于中国气象资料的趋势检验方法对比分析[J].水科学进展,2013,24(4):490-496.
[23] 崔秀萍,郭永新.近40年西部城市群土地利用结构时空动态演化分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2022,36(2):16-24.
[24] 臧玉珠,刘彦随,杨园园.山区县域土地利用格局变化及其地形梯度效应:以井冈山市为例[J].自然资源学报,2019,34(7):1391-1404.
[25] 陈浩.黄土高原退耕还林前后流域土壤侵蚀时空变化及驱动因素研究[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2019.
[26] 王劲峰,徐成东.地理探测器:原理与展望[J].地理学报,2017,72(1):116-134.
相似文献/References:
[1]宋玥,张忠学.不同耕作措施对黑土坡耕地土壤侵蚀的影响[J].水土保持研究,2011,18(02):14.
SONG Yue,ZHANG Zhong-xue.The Effect of Different Tillage Measures on Soil Erosion in Slope Farmland in Black Soil Region[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2011,18(05):14.
[2]裴会敏,许明祥,李强,等.侵蚀条件下土壤有机碳流失研究进展[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(06):269.
PEI Hui-min,XU Ming-xiang,LI Qiang,et al.Advances in Soil Organic Carbon Losses under Erosion[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(05):269.
[3]赵玉明,刘宝元,姜洪涛.东北黑土区垄向的分布及其对土壤侵蚀的影响[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(05):1.
ZHAO Yu-ming,LIU Bao-yuan,JIANG Hong-tao.Distribution of Tillage-induced Direction and Its Effect on Soil Erosion in Black Soil Area of Northeast China[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(05):1.
[4]袁靓,高华端,张旭贤,等.基于土壤侵蚀的贵阳市喀斯特地区基岩层间节理研究[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(05):167.
YUAN Jing,GAO Hua-duan,ZHANG Xu-xian,et al.Research on the Interlayer Joints of Bedrock in the Karst Region of Guiyang City Based on Soil Erosion[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(05):167.
[5]泮雪芹,刘占仁,孟晓云,等.云蒙湖流域不同土地利用类型的土壤侵蚀特征分析[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(04):6.
PAN Xue-qin,LIU Zhan-ren,MENG Xiao-yun,et al.Analysis on Features of Soil Erosion with Different Land Uses in the Yunmeng Lake Watershed[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(05):6.
[6]朱志玲,吴咏梅,张敏.基于GIS的宁夏生态环境敏感性综合评价[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(04):101.
ZHU Zhi-ling,WU Yong-mei,ZHANG Min.Comprehensive Evaluation on Eco-environment Sensibility of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Based on GIS[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(05):101.
[7]李瑞,李勇,刘云芳.贵州喀斯特地区降雨与坡面土壤侵蚀关系研究[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(03):7.
LI Rui,LI Yong,LIU Yun-fang.Study of Rainfall and Soil Erosion on Slope in Karst Region of Guizhou Province[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(05):7.
[8]程峥,姚志宏,张婧,等.南方红壤农作区数字流域建立和应用[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(03):12.
CHENG Zheng,YAO Zhi-hong,ZHANG Jing,et al.Establishment and Application of Digital Watershed in the Red Earth Areas, Southern China[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(05):12.
[9]董磊,彭明春,王崇云,等.基于USLE和GIS/RS的滇池流域土壤侵蚀研究[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(02):11.
DONG Lei,PENG Ming-chun,WANG Chong-yun,et al.Research on Soil Erosion Based on the USLE Model and RS/GIS in the Dianchi Lake Watershed[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(05):11.
[10]陈宇,焦菊英,王宁,等.黄土丘陵区撂荒地不同侵蚀带土壤种子库特征[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(01):1.
CHEN Yu,JIAO Ju-ying,WANG Ning,et al.Characteristics of Soil Seed Banks under Different Erosion Zones on Abandoned Land in the Hilly-gullied Loess Plateau[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(05):1.
备注/Memo
收稿日期:2022-06-23 修回日期:2022-07-17
资助项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目(41971033); 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(300102291507)
第一作者:张艳(1978—),女,河北沧州人,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为土地信息系统与土地利用规划。E-mail:zyzhangyan@chd.edu.cn