QI Hongkun,JIAO Juying,YAN Xiqin,et al.Runoff and Sediment Evolution and Its Spatial Differentiation in the Tarim River Basin in Recent 40 Years[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2022,29(05):117-123.
近40年塔里木河流域水沙演变及其空间分异特征
- Title:
- Runoff and Sediment Evolution and Its Spatial Differentiation in the Tarim River Basin in Recent 40 Years
- 文章编号:
- 1005-3409(2022)05-0117-07
- 分类号:
- P333
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 为探究塔里木河流域自然条件和人类活动改变造成的河流水沙变化,依据1980—2020年塔里木河干流阿拉尔站,源流玉龙喀什河控制水文站同古孜洛克站、叶尔羌河卡群站、阿克苏河新大河站和开都河焉耆站的实测径流和输沙资料,利用Mann-Kendall检验、Pearson相关性分析和Pettitt非参数检验等方法,分析了近40年塔里木河流域水沙演变及其空间分异特征。结果表明:在1980—2020年期间塔里木河流域同古孜洛克站、阿拉尔站、卡群站、焉耆站径流量显著增加,新大河站、同古孜洛克站、阿拉尔站径流量出现突变点,分别在1992年、1999年、2000年,突变后较突变前增长18.23%,18.10%,62.15%; 卡群站和同古孜洛克站的输沙量没有显著变化趋势,阿拉尔站、新大河站和焉耆站的输沙量都显著减少,突变点都在2001年,突变后较突变前降低36.73%,30.50%,68.31%。塔里木河水沙分布具有显著的空间差异,源流四站控制区的径流深存在南北空间上的差异,北部源于天山的阿克苏河和开都河径流深低于南部源于喀喇昆仑山的叶尔羌河和玉龙喀什河,从上游向下游输沙模数降低,径流主要受降雨和气温差距影响,而泥沙差异则是由于植被覆盖度变化。在上游三源流汇入干流的区间内,年平均消耗径流量98.21亿m3,径流深167.31 mm,淤积泥沙量4 424.15万t,淤积模数753.69 t/(km2·a)。对塔里木河四源一干径流泥沙实测数据的分析结果证明了塔里木河近期综合治理工程总体上取得了良好的生态环境效益。
- Abstract:
- In order to explore the change of water and sediment in Tarim River Basin caused by the change of natural conditions, based on the measured runoff and sediment transport data of the main Tarim River at Alar Station, Yulong Kashi River Control Hydrological Station-Tongguziluo Station, Yarkant River Ka Qun Station, Aksu River Xindahe Station and Kaidu River Yanqi Station from 1980 to 2020, we analyzed the runoff and sediment evolution and its spatial differentiation characteristics in the Tarim River Basin in the past 40 years by the Mann-Kendall test, Pearson correlation analysis and Pettitt non-parametric test. The results are summarized as follows. During 1980—2020, the runoff of Tongguziluke station, Alaer station, Kaqun station and Yanqi station in Tarim River Basin increased significantly, while the runoff of Xindahe station, Tongguziluke station and Alaer station appeared abrupt change point in 1992, 1999 and 2000, respectively. After mutation, they increased by 18.23%, 18.10% and 62.15% compared with before mutation. The sediment transport at Kaqun station and Tongguziluoke station showed no significant change trend, but the sediment transport at Alaer station, Xindahe station and Yanqi station all decreased significantly. The mutation points were all in 2001, and the sediment transport after mutation decreased 36.73%, 30.50% and 68.31% compared with before mutation. Runoff and sediment distribution in Tarim River had obvious spatial differences, four origin rivers controlled the spacial differences in runoff depth, the runoff depths of north river Aksu River and Kaidu River which originate from Tianshan were below the runoff depths of the south river Yarkant River and Yulongkashi River which originate from the Karakoram. Sediment modulus decreased from upstream to downstream. Runoff was mainly affected by rainfall and temperature gap. Sediment variation was due to vegetation coverage. In the region where the three upstream streams merge into the main stream, the annual average runoff consumption was 9.821 billion m3, runoff depth was 167.31 mm, silt volume was 4 424.15 million tons, and silt modulus was 753.69 t/(km2·a). The analysis of runoff and sediment data of four sources and one main stream of Tarim River proves that the comprehensive control project of Tarim River has achieved good ecological and environmental benefits.
参考文献/References:
[1] 许全喜,童辉.近50年来长江水沙变化规律研究[J].水文,2012,32(5):38-48.
[2] Walling D E. Human impact on land-ocean sediment transfer by the world's rivers[J]. Geomorphology, 2006,79(3/4):192-216.
[3] Milliman J D, Farnsworth K L, Jones P D, et al. Climatic and anthropogenic factors affecting river discharge to the global ocean, 1951—2000[J]. Global and Planetary Change, 2008,62:187-194.
[4] 王世江,章曙明,邓铭江等.中国新疆河湖全书[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2010.
[5] Zhang Q, Xu C Y, Tao H, et al. Climate changes and their im-pacts on water resources in the arid regions: A case study of the Tarim River basin, China[J]. Stochastic Environmental Research & Risk Assessment, 2010,24(3):349-358.
[6] 施雅风,沈永平,李栋梁,等.中国西北气候由暖干向暖湿转型的特征和趋势探讨[J].第四纪研究,2003(2):152-164.
[7] 赵万羽,陈亚宁.塔里木河下游断流河道整治引发的生态问题与重建对策分析[J].地理科学,2008,28(4):496-500.
[8] 王作彬,杨献群,文丽红.叶尔羌河流域水沙时空变化初步分析[J].人民长江,2008(20):58-59,62.
[9] 张修宇,左其亭.变化环境下塔里木河流域径流序列变化特 征及成因分析[J].水利水电技术,2013,44(10):6-12.
[10] 周海鹰,沈明希,陈杰,等.塔里木河流域60 a来天然径流变化趋势分析[J].干旱区地理,2018,41(2):221-229.
[11] Liu Jing, Long Aihua, LI Jiang, et al. Analysis on runoff evolution laws and trends of three source-streams of Tarim River in recent 60 years[J]. Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, 2019,50(12):10-17.
[12] 郑金丰,陈东风.塔里木河的泥沙及生态环境[J].中国农村水利水电,1996(7):32-33.
[13] 郭宏伟,徐海量,凌红波.塔里木河流域枯水年生态调水方式及生态补偿研究[J].自然资源学报,2017,32(10):1705-1717.
[14] 商莉,庞春华.塔里木河流域“四源一干”河流水沙特性分析[J].新疆水利,2015(4):9-15.
[15] Mann H B. Nonparametric test against trend[J]. Econometrica, 1945,13(3):245-259.
[16] Kendall M G. Rank correlation methods[J]. British Journal of Psychology, 1955,25(1):86-91.
[17] Pettitt A N. A Non-parametric approach to the change-point problem[J]. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 1979,28(2):126-135.
[18] 周健民.土壤学大辞典[M].北京:科学出版社,2013.
[19] 施雅风,沈永平,胡汝骥.西北气候由暖干向暖湿转型的信号、影响和前景初步探讨[J].冰川冻土,2002(3):219-226.
[20] 刘静,龙爱华,李江,等.近60年塔里木河三源流径流演变规律与趋势分析[J].水利水电技术,2019,50(12):10-17.
[21] 胡文峰,陈玲玲,姚俊强,等.气候变化背景下新疆气温和降水时空演变特征分析[J].阜阳师范学院学报:自然科学版,2020,37(3):90-95.
[22] 许艾文.近40年中国喀喇昆仑山冰川变化的遥感监测[D].兰州:兰州大学,2017.
[23] 王国亚,沈永平,苏宏超,等.1956—2006年阿克苏河径流变化及其对区域水资源安全的可能影响[J].冰川冻土,2008(4):562-568.
[24] 张志军,颉小华,李华,等.阿克苏河流域绿洲森林景观格局变化及指标分析与评价[J].防护林科技,2020(7):34-37,40.
[25] 孙天瑶,李雪梅,许民,等.2000—2018年塔里木河流域植被覆盖时空格局[J].干旱区地理,2020,43(2):415-424.
[26] 夏德康.塔里木河干流泥沙运动及河道变迁[J].水文,1998(6):43-48.
[27] 胡安焱.干旱地区内陆河的水文生态特征及其水资源的合理开发利用研究:以塔里木河为例[D].西安:长安大学,2003.
[28] 刘华利.塔里木河上游径流变化特征分析[J].甘肃水利水电技术,2019,55(11):8-11.
[29] 郑金丰,陈东风.塔里木河的泥沙及生态环境[J].中国农村水利水电,1996,(7):32-33.
[30] 金庆日.气候变化对塔里木河源流径流近61年的影响分析[J].水资源开发与管理,2020,(6):15-19.
相似文献/References:
[1]罗婷,王文龙,李宏伟,等.开发建设中扰动地面新增水土流失研究[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(03):30.
LUO Ting,LI Hong-wei,BAI Yun.Study on the Newly Occurred Soil and Water Loss on the Disturbed Lands in the Site of Development and Construction[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(05):30.
[2]赵鹏宇,徐学选.黄土区不同土地经营方式径流量神经网络模拟[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(03):227.
ZHAO Peng-yu,XU Xue-xuan.Runoff Simulated with Neural Network under Different Management Patterns in Loess Region[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(05):227.
[3]汪有科,傅左,李立.坡面水土流失观测分析[J].水土保持研究,1991,(02):104.
Wang Youke,Fu Zuo,Li Li.AN ANALYSIS OF SOLL AND WATER LOSS ON HILLSLOPE[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,1991,(05):104.
[4]李锡泉,田育新,袁正科,等.湘西山地不同植被类型的水土保持效益研究[J].水土保持研究,2003,10(02):123.
LI Xiquan,TIAN Yuxin,YUAN Zhengke,et al.Effects of Different Vegetative Types on Soil and Water Conservation at Erosion Areas[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2003,10(05):123.
[5]李丽霞,郝明德,李鹏,等.模拟降雨条件下不同材料覆盖对水分入渗特征的影响[J].水土保持研究,2004,11(03):46.
LI Li-xia,HAO Ming-de,LI Peng,et al.Different Materials Effect on Infiltration Under Simulated Rainfall[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2004,11(05):46.
[6]韩永刚,王维明,杨玉盛.闽北不同土地利用方式径流量动态变化特征[J].水土保持研究,2006,13(05):262.
HAN Yong-gang,WANG Wei-ming,YANG Yu-sheng.Change in Dynamics of Runoff in Different Land Use in Northern Fujian[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2006,13(05):262.
[7]景峰,张学培,郭汉清,等.山西省葛铺煤矿弃土弃渣径流泥沙研究[J].水土保持研究,2007,14(04):61.
JING Feng,ZHANG Xue-pei,GUO Han-qing,et al.The Study of Runoff and Sediment by Artificial Rainfall in Gepu Coil Mine of Shanxi Province[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2007,14(05):61.
[8]张建兴,马孝义,屈金娜.气候变化对黄河中游河龙区间径流量的影响分析[J].水土保持研究,2007,14(04):197.
ZHANG Jian-xing,MA Xiao-yi,QU Jin-na.Effects of Climatic Variations on Runoff Volume over the He-long Reach of the Middle Yellow River[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2007,14(05):197.
[9]杨丽娜,范昊明,郭成久,等.不同坡形坡面侵蚀规律试验研究[J].水土保持研究,2007,14(04):237.
YANG Li-na,FAN Hao-ming,GUO Cheng-jiu,et al.Experimental Study of Soil Erosion in Different Slopes[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2007,14(05):237.
[10]王波雷,马孝义,季万才,等.乌兰木伦河径流变异特征分析研究[J].水土保持研究,2007,14(06):250.
WANG Bo-lei,MA Xiao-yi,JI Wan-cai,et al.The Analysis of Aberrance Point in Wulanmulun River Basin by Using R/S Method[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2007,14(05):250.
[11]兰泽凡,耿 韧,赵广举,等.窟野河流域水沙变化及其驱动因素[J].水土保持研究,2024,31(04):95.[doi:10.13869/j.cnki.rswc.2024.04.031]
Lan Zefan,Geng Ren,Zhao Guangju,et al.Runoff and Sediment Load Variation and Driving Factors in the Kuye River Basin[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2024,31(05):95.[doi:10.13869/j.cnki.rswc.2024.04.031]
备注/Memo
收稿日期:2021-09-15 修回日期:2021-10-16
资助项目:中国科学院战略性先导科技专项“泛第三极环境变化与绿色丝绸之路建设”(XDA20040202)
第一作者:祁泓锟(1997—),男,辽宁朝阳人,硕士研究生,研究方向:土壤侵蚀。E-mail:qihongkun123@sina.com
通信作者:焦菊英(1965—),女,陕西宝鸡人,博士,研究员,主要从事流域侵蚀产沙及土壤侵蚀研究。E-mail:jyjiao@ms.iswc.ac.cn