WANG Zhen,WU Jinhua,BAI Shuai,et al.Spatiotemporal Changes of Sloping Farmland Resources and Its Soil Erosion Effects in Yan'an City[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2022,29(03):1-11.
延安市坡耕地资源时空变化及其土壤侵蚀效应
- Title:
- Spatiotemporal Changes of Sloping Farmland Resources and Its Soil Erosion Effects in Yan'an City
- 文章编号:
- 1005-3409(2022)03-0001-11
- Keywords:
- sloping farmland; spatiotemporal changes; soil erosion; RUSLE model; geographically weighted regression model; Loess Plateau
- 分类号:
- S157
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 为研究黄土高原坡耕地利用变化与土壤侵蚀变化的时空联系,以延安市的坡耕地与土壤侵蚀强度为研究对象,运用坡耕地动态度、土地利用转移矩阵、核密度分析、RUSLE模型、地理加权回归模型等方法,阐明了坡耕地与土壤侵蚀强度的时空演变规律,揭示了坡耕地时空变化带来的土壤侵蚀效应。结果表明:(1)1990—2018年,延安市坡耕地总面积经历了“上升→下降→下降”的变化,总体坡耕地动态度为-0.68%/a。缓坡耕地、陡坡耕地、峭坡耕地面积均减少,减少的剧烈程度为峭坡耕地>陡坡耕地>缓坡耕地。(2)1990—2018年延安市坡耕地最主要的转入和转出的土地利用类型均为草地和林地,其中转入、转出面积最大的坡耕地类型均为陡坡耕地。(3)1990—2018年年间延安市的缓坡耕地主要集中在南部北洛河沿岸,陡坡耕地与峭坡耕地集中在北部丘陵沟壑区。坡耕地减少区域分布在延河沿岸、清涧河—永坪川沿岸与西北部北洛河沿岸; 西部葫芦河沿岸坡耕地少量增加,主要的增加类型是陡坡耕地与峭坡耕地。(4)1990—2018年延安市的土壤水力侵蚀状况显著改善,土壤侵蚀模数大部分区域均有减少,主要增加区分布在西部葫芦河与北洛河之间的土石山区、西南土石山区、延河与西川的交界地带。(5)1990—2018年延安市不同类型坡耕地动态变化区域的土壤侵蚀模数总体下降,土壤侵蚀变化的剧烈程度为峭坡耕地>陡坡耕地>缓坡耕地。不同类型坡耕地动态变化区域的土壤侵蚀量强烈减少区在空间上均呈现出左开口的“C”字形,其空间分布格局受植被覆盖度变化、降雨侵蚀力变化和水土保持措施因子变化影响,影响力大小为植被覆盖变化>降雨侵蚀力变化>水土保持措施因子变化。
- Abstract:
- In order to study the spatiotemporal relationship between the use of sloping farmland and the change of soil erosion in the Loess Plateau, we took the sloping farmland and soil erosion intensity in Yan'an City as the research object, and used sloping farmland dynamic, land use transfer matrix, kernel density analysis, RUSLE model, geographically weighted regression model, etc, to clarify the spatiotemporal evolution of sloping farmland and soil erosion intensity, and the soil erosion effect brought by spatiotemporal changes of sloping farmland was revealed. The results show that:(1)from 1990 to 2018, the total area of sloping farmland in Yan'an City experienced a change of ‘rise→decrease→decrease', and the overall dynamic degree of slope farmland was -0.68%/a; from 1990 to 2018, the area of gentle sloping farmland, steep sloping farmland, and precipitous sloping farmland all decreased, and the sharpness of the decrease was precipitous sloping farmland>steep sloping farmland>gentle sloping farmland;(2)from 1990 to 2018, the most critical land use types of sloping farmland transferred in and out of Yan'an City were grassland and woodland, among which the type of sloping farmland with the largest transfer area was steep sloping farmland;(3)from 1990 to 2018, the gentle sloping farmland in Yan'an City mainly concentrated along the Beiluo River in the south, and steep sloping farmland and precipitous sloping farmland concentrated in the hilly and gully areas in the north; the areas with reduced sloping farmland distributed along the Yan River, along the Qingjian River-Yongping River, and along the Beiluo River in the northwest; the sloping farmland along the Hulu River in the west increased slightly, and the main types of increase were steep sloping farmland and precipitous slope farmland;(4)from 1990 to 2018, the soil water erosion situation in Yan'an City was significantly improved; the soil erosion modulus decreased in most areas; the main increase areas were located in the rocky mountainous area between the Hulu River and Beiluo River in the west, the rocky mountainous area in the southwest, the junction area of Yan River and Xichuan River;(5)from 1990 to 2018, the soil erosion modulus of the dynamic change areas of different types of sloping farmland in Yan'an City decreased overall, and the severity of soil erosion changes was precipitous sloping farmland>steep sloping farmland>gentle sloping farmland; different types of sloping farmland had a strong reduction in soil erosion in the areas with dynamic changes. All areas had a left-open ‘C' shape in space, and their spatial distribution pattern was affected by changes of vegetation coverage, changes of rainfall erosivity, and changes of water and soil conservation measures. The magnitude of influence was change of vegetation cover>change of rainfall erosivity>change of water and soil conservation measures.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2021-05-11 修回日期:2021-06-01
资助项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目“基于坡位特征的黄丘区坡面植被恢复评价及模型构建”(41871190)
第一作者:王祯(1996—),男,云南昆明人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为土地保护与土地整治。E-mail:724492594@qq.com
通信作者:吴金华(1965—),女,陕西西安人,博士,教授,主要研究方向为土地信息系统与土地利用规划。E-mail:jinghuaw@chd.edu.cn