Zhai Bochao,Zhu Yan,Shen Xiaojuan,et al.Spatiotemporal Variation of Soil Moisture and the Responses to Rainfall Events in Two Typical Mature Forest Stands in the Loess Hilly Region[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2024,31(04):170-178.[doi:10.13869/j.cnki.rswc.2024.04.042]
黄土丘陵区两个典型成熟森林群落土壤水分时空变化特征及对降雨事件的响应
- Title:
- Spatiotemporal Variation of Soil Moisture and the Responses to Rainfall Events in Two Typical Mature Forest Stands in the Loess Hilly Region
- 文章编号:
- 1005-3409(2024)04-0170-09
- Keywords:
- loess hilly region; forest community; soil moisture; spatiotemporal variation; rainfall response
- 分类号:
- S152.7
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- [目的]探究黄土丘陵区刺槐人工林和辽东栎天然次生林土壤水分的时空变化特征及其对降雨事件的响应机制,揭示该区域两个典型森林群落的土壤水分特征及其差异性,为该地区森林植被建设与管理提供科学依据。[方法]以黄土丘陵区两个典型树种的成熟森林群落为研究对象,通过对试验地0—300 cm范围土壤含水量10年间(2009—2019)的监测,并结合同期降水量变化,分析这两种森林群落土壤水分的时空变化规律及对降雨的响应。[结果](1)2019年生长季末两森林群落0—100 cm和0—300 cm平均土壤含水量均高于2009年平均值,在0—100 cm范围内两群落均达到显著差异,且2019年辽东栎林平均土壤含水量显著高于刺槐林; 在0—300 cm范围的平均值仅辽东栎林达到显著差异。(2)两森林群落土壤水分的空间分布均在0—200 cm土层内呈现较为明显波动; 在2—300 cm土层辽东栎林土壤水分在时间和空间上的稳定性均高于刺槐林。(3)两森林群落土壤水分的月际动态趋势基本一致,与降雨量月际动态大致同步,但辽东栎林土壤含水量始终高于刺槐林。(4)在年际尺度上,两森林群落生长季末土壤含水量均与当年降雨量呈显著正相关,随降雨量的增大,辽东栎林在抵消蒸散耗水的同时对土壤水分的补充作用大于刺槐林。两森林群落土壤储水量增量与次降雨量均呈现极显著的指数增长关系,次降雨量较小时(小于22 mm)刺槐林土壤水分的补充作用大于辽东栎林,而次降雨量较大时(大于22 mm)则辽东栎林更有利于土壤水分的补充。[结论]两种森林群落土壤水分的时空变化特征存在显著差异,尤其是在深层土壤。与刺槐林相比,辽东栎林土壤水分对年际降雨的响应更为明显,而两森林群落土壤储水量对单次降雨事件响应的差异取决于次降雨量。
- Abstract:
- [Objective]The aims of this study are to explore the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of soil moisture in Robinia pseudoacacia plantation and Quercus liaotungensis natural secondary forest in the loess hilly region and its response mechanism to rainfall events, and reveal the soil moisture characteristics and differences between two typical forest communities in this region, so as to provide scientific basis for the construction and management of forest vegetation in this area. [Methods]The mature forest communities of two typical tree species in the loess hilly region were taken as the objects. By monitoring the soil moisture content in the range of 0—300 cm in the experimental site for 10 years(2009—2019), combining with the change of precipitation in the same period, the temporal and spatial variation pattern of soil moisture in these two typical forest communities and its response to rainfall were analyzed. [Results](1)At the end of the growing season in 2019, the average soil water contents of the two forest communities at 0—100 cm and 0—300 cm were higher than the average values in 2009, and there was a significant difference between the two communities in the range of 0—100 cm, and the average soil water content of Quercus liaotungensis forest in 2019 was significantly higher than that of Robinia pseudoacacia forest. The average value in the range of 0—300 cm was significantly different only in Quercus liaotungensis forest.(2)The spatial distribution of soil moisture in the two forest communities fluctuated obviously in the 0—200 cm soil layer. The temporal and spatial stability of soil moisture in Quercus liaotungensis forest in 200—300 cm soil layer was higher than that in Robinia pseudoacacia forest.(3)The monthly dynamic trend of soil moisture in the two forest communities was basically the same, which was roughly synchronized with the monthly dynamic trend of rainfall, but the soil moisture in Quercus liaotungensis forestwas always higher than that in Robinia pseudoacacia forest.(4)On the interannual scale, the soil water content of the two forest communities at the end of the growing season was significantly positively correlated with the rainfall in that year. With the increase of rainfall, the Quercus liaotungensis forest offset the evapotranspiration water consumption and supplemented the soil water more than the Robinia pseudoacacia forest. The increment of soil water storage in the two forest communities showed a very significant exponential growth relationship with the secondary rainfall. The supplementary effect of soil moisture in Robinia pseudoacacia forest was greater than that in Quercus liaotungensis forest when the secondary rainfall was small(less than 22 mm), but it was more beneficial to supplement soil moisture in Quercus liaotungensis forest when the secondary rainfall was large(more than 22 mm). [Conclusion]There are significant differences in temporal and spatial variation characteristics of soil moisture between two forest communities, especially in deep soil. Compared with Robinia pseudoacacia forest, the response of soil moisture in Quercus liaotungensis forest to interannual rainfall is more obvious. The difference of soil water storage in two forest communities to rainfall event depends on the amount of rainfall.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2023-09-13 修回日期:2023-10-13
资助项目:国家重点研发计划项目“黄土高原人工生态系统结构改善和功能提升技术”(2017YFC0504601)
第一作者:翟博超(1994—),男,河北石家庄人,在读博士,主要研究方向为森林生态、流域生态与管理。E-mail:bochaozhai@nwafu.edu.cn
通信作者:杜盛(1965—),男,内蒙古鄂尔多斯人,博士,研究员,主要研究方向为森林生态、流域生态与管理。E-mail:shengdu@ms.iswc.ac.cn