[1]毛龙富,刘 宏,陈瑞永,等.基于水量平衡模型的喀斯特石漠化区集雨水窖分析[J].水土保持研究,2021,28(04):218-225.
　MAO Longfu,LIU Hong,CHEN Ruiyong,et al.Analysis of Rainwater Collection Cellar in Karst Rocky Desertification Area Based on Water Balance Model[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2021,28(04):218-225.
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基于水量平衡模型的喀斯特石漠化区集雨水窖分析

《水土保持研究》[ISSN:1005-3409/CN:61-1272/P] 卷: 28 期数: 2021年04期 页码: 218-225 栏目: 出版日期: 2021-08-10
Title:
Analysis of Rainwater Collection Cellar in Karst Rocky Desertification Area Based on Water Balance Model
文章编号:
1005-3409(2021)04-0218-08
作者:
毛龙富1,2, 刘 宏1,2, 陈瑞永1,2, 杨丽瑞1,2, 涂淼鑫1
(1.云南大学 地球科学学院, 昆明 650500; 2.云南大学 国际喀斯特联合研究中心, 昆明 650223)
Author(s):
MAO Longfu1,2, LIU Hong1,2, CHEN Ruiyong1,2, YANG Lirui1,2, TU Miaoxin1
(1.School of Earth Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China; 2.International Joint Research Center for Karstology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650223, China)
关键词:
喀斯特;  季风气候;  日水量平衡;  泸西;  集雨水窖
Keywords:
karst;  monsoon climate;  daily water balance;  Luxi City;  rainwater harvesting cellar
分类号:
P333
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
为了有效应用家庭集雨水窖解决喀斯特石漠化区人畜饮水困难问题,基于泸西县1959—2018年降水数据,利用降雨距平百分数等方法分析该地区年际、年内降雨变化特征; 通过实地调研该地区的用水、产流、贮蓄等情况,运用水量平衡原理,建立了日降雨—用水平衡模型,着重探讨季风气候下不同旱涝年份降雨特征及其对水窖的影响,揭示喀斯特山区家庭饮用水窖的最佳尺寸。结果表明:(1)泸西县近60 a呈暖干化趋势,年际降雨变化大,干旱年出现频率为20%; 年内降雨量分布极为不均匀,雨季降雨量占84.15%。(2)按屋顶集雨面积为100 m2,每户家庭用水量0.159 m3/d,模拟得出家庭水窖的最佳尺寸为25 m3,干旱年雨水利用率可达到75.40%,家庭水窖非极端干旱年有效供水率Re≥95%,常年供水率期望值E(C)=95.19%,每口水窖至少可以提供人畜饮用水55.133 m3/a。通过设计最佳的集雨水窖,提高雨水利用率和水窖供水率,有效解决了气候变化下喀斯特石漠化区水资源日趋匮乏的瓶颈。
Abstract:
In order to effectively use rainwater in the family water cellar to solve the drinking water difficulties of people and animals in karst rocky desertification areas, based on the precipitation data of Luxi County from 1959 to 2018, the characteristics of rainfall variation in this area were analyzed by means of percentage of rainfall anomaly, and through in situ investigation in the area with water use, runoff production and storage in this area, etc. Based on the principle of water balance, a daily rainfall—water balance model was established, and the characteristics of rainfall in different drought and flood years under monsoon climate and its influence on water cellars were emphatically discussed, so as to reveal the optimal size of family drinking water cellars in karst mountainous areas. The results show that:(1)in the past 60 years, Luxi County showed a trend of warming and drying, with great inter-annual rainfall variation, and the occurrence frequency of drought years was 20%; the annual rainfall distribution was extremely uneven, with the rainy season accounting for 84.15%;(2)according to the roof rainwater harvesting area of 100 m2 and the household water consumption of 0.159 m3/d, the simulation results show that the optimal size of the household water cellar is 25 m3, the annual rainwater utilization rate can reach 75.40%; except for extremely dry years, the effective water supply rate of the family cellar is Re≥95%, the expected annual water supply rate is E(C)=95.19%; and each cellar can provide at least 55.133 m3 of drinking water for human and livestock in a year. Through the design of the best household rainwater harvesting cellar, the utilization rate of rainwater and the water supply rate of the cellar are both improved, and the bottleneck of water resource shortage in the karst rocky desertification area under climate change is effectively solved.

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备注/Memo

收稿日期:2020-08-07 修回日期:2020-08-17
资助项目:国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFC0502502); 国家自然科学基金(41371040,41571010)
第一作者:毛龙富(1993—),男(彝族),四川西昌人,硕士研究生,研究方向为喀斯特水文水环境。E-mail:1056906500@qq.com
通信作者:刘宏(1963—),男,云南德宏人,副研究员,硕士生导师,主要从事喀斯特研究。E-mail:hongliu@ynu.edu.cn

更新日期/Last Update: 2021-08-20