[1]杨永辉,武继承,赵世伟,等.不同保墒与土壤结构改良措施对土壤结构及小麦、玉米水分利用的影响[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(02):220-227.
　YANG Yonghui,WU Jicheng,ZHAO Shiwei,et al.Effects of Different Soil Moisture Conservation and Soil Structure Improvement Measures on Soil Structure and Water Use of Wheat and Maize[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2018,25(02):220-227.
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不同保墒与土壤结构改良措施对土壤结构及小麦、玉米水分利用的影响

《水土保持研究》[ISSN:1005-3409/CN:61-1272/P] 卷: 25 期数: 2018年02期 页码: 220-227 栏目: 出版日期: 2018-04-03
Title:
Effects of Different Soil Moisture Conservation and Soil Structure Improvement Measures on Soil Structure and Water Use of Wheat and Maize
作者:
杨永辉1,2, 武继承1,2, 赵世伟3, 潘晓莹1,2, 张洁梅1,2, 高翠民1,2, 王越1,2, 何方1,2
1. 河南省农业科学院 植物营养与资源环境研究所, 郑州 450002;
2. 农业部作物高效用水原阳科学观测实验站, 河南 原阳 453514;
3. 西北农林科技大学 水土保持研究所, 陕西 杨凌 712100
Author(s):
YANG Yonghui1,2, WU Jicheng1,2, ZHAO Shiwei3, PAN Xiaoying1,2, ZHANG Jiemei1,2, GAO Cuimin1,2, WANG Yue1,2, HE Fang1,2
1. Institute of Plant Nutrition & Resource Environment, He’nan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China;
2. Yuanyang Experimental Station of Crop Water Use, Ministry of Agriculture, Yuanyang, He’nan 453514, China;
3. Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
关键词:
小麦; 玉米; 地面覆盖; 有机肥; 保水剂; 水分利用
Keywords:
wheat; maize; ground cover; organic fertilizer; super absorbent polymer; water use
分类号:
S141;S152;S156
摘要:
为探明不同保墒与土壤结构改良措施对小麦、玉米水分利用等的作用机理，采用大田试验，研究了秸秆覆盖、地膜覆盖、保水剂及有机肥对小麦-玉米生长、光合生理特征、产量、水分利用效率及土壤结构等。结果表明：地面覆盖和土壤结构改良措施均改善了土壤团粒结构，且促进了土壤有机碳含量的提高。同时，不同措施改善了小麦、玉米不同生育期的光合生理特征，提高了小麦、玉米不同生育期的株高、叶面积及生物量，且成产要素也显著提高，地膜覆盖较其他措施更利于小麦产量的提高，其较普通耕作增产14.7%。对玉米而言，以秸秆覆盖和地膜覆盖处理增产效果较佳，分别较普通耕作增产10.4%和10.3%。对小麦-玉米周年而言，地膜覆盖的总产量和总水分生产效率均最高，分别较普通耕作提高了12.5%和17.1%。相关分析表明，小麦、玉米周年总产量和总水分生产效率与小麦不同生育期的土壤水分、灌浆期叶面积、小麦单产、玉米大喇叭口期的叶面积以及土壤有机碳含量密切相关。
Abstract:
To ascertain the mechanism of different soil moisture conservation and soil structure improvement measures on water use of wheat and maize, a field experiment was conducted to determine the growth, photosynthetic physiological characteristics, yields, water use efficiency of water and maize and soil structure under the straw mulching, plastic film mulching, water retaining agent and organic fertilizer. The results showed that the ground cover and soil structure improvement measures effectively improved the soil aggregate structure and increased the content of soil organic carbon. What’s more, the different measures improved the photosynthetic characteristics of wheat and maize at different growth stages. The plant height, leaf area and biomass of wheat and maize at different growth stages increased, and the factors on production increased significantly, too. The plastic film mulching was more conducive to the improvement of wheat yield than the other measures, which increased the yield by 14.7% compared with the conventional tillage. For maize, the straw mulching and plastic film mulching treatments were conductive to the improvement of the yield, which increased the yields by 10.4% and 10.3%, respectively, compared with conventional tillage. For the total yields and water use efficiency of wheat and maize, the plastic film mulching treatment was the highest, increasing yields by 12.5% and 17.1%, respectively, compared with the conventional tillage. Correlation analysis showed that the annual total yields and water use efficiency of wheat and maize were closely related to soil moisture at different growth stages of wheat, leaf area in the filling stage, wheat yield, leaf area in big trumpet period of the maize, and soil organic carbon content.

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备注/Memo

收稿日期:2017-3-14;改回日期:2017-6-1。
基金项目:国家863计划项目（2013AA102904）；国家重点研发计划计划（2017YFD0301102）；国家自然科学基金（U1404404）；河南省农业科学院优秀青年科技基金（2016YQ12）
作者简介:杨永辉(1978-),男,陕西西安人,博士,副研究员,主要从事土壤物理与节水农业研究。E-mail:yangyongh@mails.ucas.ac.cn

更新日期/Last Update: 1900-01-01