ZHUO Malancao,LIU Pu-xing,ZHANG Ya-ning,et al.Study on Temporal and Spatial Changes of the Potential Evapotranspiration and Its Impact Factors in Loess Plateau of Gansu Province[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(01):70-75.
甘肃黄土高原区潜在蒸散量时空变化与成因研究
- Title:
- Study on Temporal and Spatial Changes of the Potential Evapotranspiration and Its Impact Factors in Loess Plateau of Gansu Province
- 关键词:
- 气候变化; 潜在蒸散量; Penman—Monteith模型; 影响因子; 黄土高原
- Keywords:
- climate change; potential evapotranspiration(ET0); Penman—Monteith model; impact factor; the Loess Plateau
- 分类号:
- S161.4;P426.2
- 摘要:
- 基于甘肃黄土高原区12个气象站点1960—2008年逐日气温、降水、风速、日照时数、太阳总辐射和相对湿度数据，应用Penman—Monteith模型和Kriging插值法，分析了其潜在蒸散量的时空变化及其影响因子。结果表明：近49 a来，陇中北部冷温带半干旱区和陇中南部冷温带半湿润区的潜在蒸散量均呈上升趋势。在四季中，潜在蒸散量的值夏季最大，春秋季次之，冬季最小。潜在蒸散量空间差异显著，潜在蒸散量的值表现为自北向南递减，其中最大值在景泰为1 105.82 mm，最小值在岷县为772.31 mm。相关分析表明，研究区年均潜在蒸散量所受气候因子的影响不尽相同，其中，陇中北部冷温带半干旱区为太阳总辐射和日照时数，而陇中南部冷温带半湿润区为太阳总辐射和最高气温。辐射项主要受太阳总辐射和最高气温影响，动力项主要受风速影响，辐射项的值都远大于动力项。不同气候区辐射项均呈上升趋势，但动力项有所不同，在陇中北部冷温带半干旱区呈下降趋势，斜率为-0.631 mm/a，在陇中南部冷温带半湿润区呈上升趋势，斜率为0.415 mm/a。
- Abstract:
- Based on the daily temperature, precipitation, wind speed, sunshine hours, total solar radiation and related humidity date of the 12 meteorological stations of Loess Plateau region in Gansu Province from 1960 to 2008, Potential Evapotranspiration (ET0) were estimated by the methods of Penman—Monteith model in different climate regions and the temporal-spatial variations of ET0 were analyzed by using Kriging interpolation. The results indicated that the trends of ET0 in semi-arid region of the northern Longzhong and the semi-humid region of the southern Longzhong are increasing. In four seasons, summer ET0 was maximum, autumn and spring ones were the second place, winter ET0 was minimum. ET0 had the characteristics of remarkable spatial variations, such as decreasing from north to south, the maximum of ET0 was 1 105.82 mm in Jingtai, while the minimum of ET0 was 772.31 mm in Minxian. Correlation analysis indicated that ET0 was affected by diverse climatic factors in different climate regions of study area. The ET0 of semi-arid region in the northern Longzhong was mainly affected by total solar radiation and sunshine hours, while the ET0 of semi-humid region of the southern Longzhon was mainly controlled by total solar radiation and the highest temperature. ETrad was mainly affected by total solar radiation and the highest temperature. The key factor for influencing the ETaero was the wind speed of all, ETrad>ETaero. In different climatic regions, ETrad change trends of ET0 is increasing, but ETaero are different. The change trends of ET0 of semi-arid region in the northern Longzhong is -0.631 mm/a, it was 0.415 mm/a for the semi-humid region in the southern Longzhong.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2011-5-29;改回日期:2011-7-18。
基金项目:本文受国家自然科学基金项目（40961035）；甘肃省科技计划基金项目（0803RJZA094）；西北师范大学第三期科技创新工程项目
作者简介:卓玛兰草（1985- ），女，甘肃省甘南州人，硕士研究生，研究方向为干旱区域环境与绿洲建设。E-mail：zmlczmlc@163.com
通讯作者:刘普幸（1964- ），女，山西平遥人，教授，博士，主要研究干旱区域环境与绿洲建设、树轮水文学等研究。E-mail：fmlpx@nwnu.edu.cn