为了解黄土丘陵沟壑区的农村空心化水平及土地整治潜力,以地处黄土丘陵沟壑区的陕西省长武县为例,采用综合测评法,以镇域尺度对长武县人口空心化程度进行测度,构建空心村土地整治潜力评价模型,对长武县空心村土地整治潜力进行了评价并分区,进而探究了乡村空间重构策略。结果 表明:(1)长武县镇域人口空心化指数在时间上动态大幅上升,2010年、2014年、2018年均值分别为21.25,27.50,33.65,在地域上靠近城区且经济较强的昭仁街道人口空心化指数值高于其他地区;(2)基于空心村土地整治潜力评价得分,将长武县划分为Ⅰ类优先整治区、Ⅱ类重点整治区和Ⅲ类一般整治区3类整治类型,土地整治潜力依次为0.636,0.453,0.216。研究得出长武县人口空心化的程度和空心村土地整治潜力的大小与当地社会经济发展水平和自然条件呈正相关。应制定合理的乡村“三生”空间的可持续重构策略,优化村庄各层次的空间形态演变,促使乡村地域系统向良性转变。
In order to understand the rural population hollowing level and the potential of land consolidation in the loess hilly and gully region, Changwu County of Shaanxi Province was taken as an example, which is located in the loess hilly and gully region. We used the comprehensive evaluation method to measure the degree of population hollowing out of Changwu County on the town scale. The indicators were used to construct the evaluation model of the land consolidation potential of the hollow village, and the scores and zoning of the land consolidation potential evaluation were obtained. Based on this, the rural spatial restructuring strategy was proposed. The results show that:(1)the population hollowing index of Changwu County has increased significantly over time; the average values in 2010, 2014 and 2018 were 21.25, 27.50 and 33.65 respectively. The population hollowing index value of Zhaoren Street which is close to the urban area and has a strong economy is higher than other areas;(2)based on the evaluation score of the potential of land consolidation potential in hollowed village, the study area is divided into Class Ⅰ priority land consolidation area, Class Ⅱ key land consolidation area, and Class Ⅲ general land consolidation area, the land treatment potential scores were 0.636, 0.453, and 0.216 respectively. The degree of rural population hollowing in Changwu County and the potential of land consolidation in hollow villages are positively correlated with the local socio-economic development levels and natural conditions. A reasonable strategy should be formulated to promote rural production, living and ecological space restructuring, to optimize the evolution of the spatial form of the village, and promote the transformation of rural regional system.
