厘清山区乡村聚落空间格局演变的影响因素,对推进城乡统筹发展有重要意义。以印江县1960年、2000年、2017年的乡村聚落数据为基础,利用GIS空间分布模型和空间统计模型,表征乡村聚落规模及空间分布的演化特征,探究了自然和人文因素对聚落时空格局演变的影响。结果 表明:(1)印江县1960—2017年乡村聚落面积增加2 271.41 hm2,斑块平均面积由10.87 hm2下降到2.79 hm2,斑块密度由0.18个/km2增加到1.12个/km2,由大规模、低密度向小规模、高密度演化,聚落重心先向东南移动、后朝西南迁移。(2)核密度高值区范围向东扩展,呈现空间集聚分布,聚落斑块均为高值聚集,冷热点区空间分异明显。聚落密度和规模分布呈负相关,小规模、高密度特征突出。(3)地形河流是印江县乡村聚落空间格局演化的主导因素,人口增长和经济发展为聚落演化的内生动力,计划生育、行政区划调整、灾害及乡村发展政策是推动聚落发展的外在推力,聚落向交通线路集聚。
It is of great significance to promote the overall development of urban and rural areas by clarifying the influencing factors of the spatial pattern evolution of rural settlements in karst trough valley area. Based on the rural settlement data of 1960, 2000 and 2017 in Yinjiang County, we used GIS spatial distribution model and spatial statistical measurement model to quantitatively characterize the evolution characteristics of rural settlement scale and spatial distribution, and explore the evolution of time and space patterns of settlements by natural and human factors. The results show that:(1)the area of rural settlements in Yinjiang County increased by 2 721.41 hm2 from 1960 to 2017, the average area of plaque decreased from 10.87 hm2 to 2.79 hm2, and the plaque density increased from 0.18 per km2 to 1.12 per km2; from large-scale, low-density to small-scale, high-density evolution, the center of gravity of the settlement moved from the southeast to the southeast and then to the southwest;(2)the range of high nuclear density regions expanded to the east, showing spatial agglomeration distribution; the cluster plaques in the three periods were all high-value clusters, and the spatial differentiation of cold hotspots was obvious; the cluster density and size distribution were negatively correlated, and the small-scale and high-density features were prominent;(3)the natural factors such as topographic rivers were the dominant factors in the spatial pattern evolution of rural settlements in Yinjiang County; population growth and economic development were the endogenous dynamics of settlement evolution; family planning, administrative division adjustment, disaster and rural development policies were the external thrust for promoting the development of settlements; the settlement gathered towards the traffic line.
