为深入贯彻落实乡村振兴战略、保障国家粮食安全和保护生态环境,解决目前面临的耕地数量减少、质量下降等现实性问题,对耕地实行基本农田特殊保护,开展了高标准基本农田建设区域划定研究。以典型山地城市——重庆市南岸区为例,在从土壤质量、立地条件、基础设施和空间形态4个方面综合评价耕地自然质量的基础上,采用区位通达性修正系数、发展稳定性修正系数和人文因素修正系数对耕地自然质量逐级修正,探索高标准基本农田建设区域划定模型,引导耕地实施特殊保护。结果 表明:南岸区耕地综合质量平均分值为42.7,整体耕地综合质量水平一般; 根据耕地综合质量评价结果,综合分析区域的限制因素,基于空间集聚格局分析划定高标准基本农田1 280.89 hm2,高标准基本农田综合质量分为51.5,占耕地总量的38.69%,主要分布在研究区东部的迎龙镇、长生桥镇和广阳镇。高标准基本农田的划定和保护应因地制宜,结合区域特点,分类实施,在研究区西部提升耕地质量、加强耕地保护的同时也要注重生态安全的保护; 城市扩展范围内的研究区中部需要重点协调城市发展和耕地保护的关系; 研究区东部是粮食的主要产地,引导非农用地退出,更加注重基本农田质量建设与保护,实施规模化生产,提高粮食产量。
In order to thoroughly implement the Rural Revitalization Strategy, guarantee national food security and protect the ecological environment, and solve the currently faced practical problems such as the reduction of the amount of cultivated land and the decline of quality, the study on the implementation of special protection of basic farmland on cultivated land and regional delimitation of high-standard basic farmland construction was carried out. Taking the Nan'an District of Chongqing City, a typical mountain city, as an example, we adopted the location accessibility correction coefficient and development stability based on the comprehensive evaluation of the natural quality of cultivated land from four aspects: soil quality, site conditions, infrastructure and spatial form. The correction coefficient of human factors were used to correct the natural quality of cultivated land step by step, to explore the delimitation model of high standard basic farmland construction area, and to guide the practice of special protection of cultivated land. The results show that the average score of comprehensive quality of cultivated land in the Nan'an is 42.7, and the overall quality level of the overall cultivated land is general; according to the comprehensive quality evaluation results of the cultivated land, the limiting factors of the comprehensive analysis area, and the spatial agglomeration pattern analysis, the high standard basic farmland is defined as 1 280.89 hm2, and mainly distributes in Yinglong, Changshengqiao and Guangyang Town in the eastern research area, accounting for 38.69% of the total cultivated land; the comprehensive quality score of basic farmland is 51.5; the delimitation and protection of high-standard basic farmland should be tailored to local conditions, and implemented based on a classification and regional characteristics; in the west of the study area, the quality of cultivated land should be improved, and the protection of cultivated land should be emphasized while protecting the ecological security; in the middle area within the scope of urban expansion, the relationship between urban development and cultivated land protection should be coordinated; the eastern area is the main grain production area, the non-agricultural land should be conversed to farmland, more attention should be paid to the construction and protection of basic farmland quality, implement large-scale production, and increase grain output.
