FU Mengdi,XIAO Nengwen,ZHAO Zhiping,et al.Effects of Urbanization on Ecosystem Services in Beijing[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,23(05):235-239.
北京城市化进程对生态系统服务的影响
- Title:
- Effects of Urbanization on Ecosystem Services in Beijing
- Keywords:
- urbanization; urban ecosystem services; Beijing; InVEST model
- 分类号:
- F291;F301.2;X171.1
- 摘要:
- 基于熵值法对1993—2013年北京城市化水平进行了综合测度，以1993年、2003年、2013年3期遥感数据为基本信息源，采用GIS技术和InVEST（integrated valuation of ecosystem services and tradeoffs，生态系统服务与权衡综合评价）模型，分析了北京市土地利用和生态系统服务时空变化特征，并研究了北京城市化进程对生态系统服务的影响。结果表明：北京城市化综合水平不断提高，主要表现为社会和空间城市化，其次是人口城市化，而经济城市化的影响相对较弱；全市土地利用变化剧烈，建设用地和草地大幅增长，林地稍有增长，耕地和水体缩减严重；城市生态系统固碳服务呈现先增加后减少的趋势，总体上碳储量减少了5%，水源供给和土壤保持服务分别增加216%和76%。林地、草地面积的增加和耕地面积的减少改善了土壤保持服务，森林的扩张同时也改善了固碳服务，但温度和降水条件的限制导致后10 a固碳服务出现明显减少，人口聚集和城市硬化地表的增加则是导致城市生态系统水源供给服务大幅增长的主要原因。由于城市生态系统水源供给服务这块短板，建议放缓或停止北京城市化发展进程，重点加强其社会、经济城市化发展质量。
- Abstract:
- We analyzed the evolution of Beijing’s urbanization level with the entropy method from 1993 to 2013. Based on the remote sensing images in 1993, 2003 and 2013, the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of land use and ecosystem services were examined by using GIS technology and InVEST (Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs) models. The effects of urbanization on ecosystem services were also detected in Beijing. The results showed that the urbanization of Beijing continuously increased from 1993 to 2013. The urbanization represented the fast development of the society and space urbanization, followed by the population urbanization, and the economy urbanization was the weakest. The land use had a great change: urban construction sites and grassland area increased, forest area slightly increased, and farmland and water area decreased. Carbon sequestration service increased firstly and then decreased, with a reduction of 5% carbon storage in total in the past 20 years. Water supply service and sediment retention increased by 216% and 76%, respectively. The increased forestland and grassland and decreased farmland improved the ability of sediment retention. The expansion of forest improved the ability of carbon sequestration service from 1993 to 2003, but temperature and precipitation had decreased this ability since 2003. The increase in population gathering and hardened ground were the main reasons for increased water supply service. Owing to the limitation of water supply service, we suggest to stop or slow the speed of the urbanization in Beijing, and focus on the development quality of society and economic urbanization.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2016-02-22;改回日期:2016-03-09。
基金项目:北京重点科技项目“北京城市生物多样性评估与保护对策研究”（PXM2014-178218-000005）
作者简介:付梦娣(1987-),女(蒙古族),黑龙江饶河人,学士,工程师,主要从事遥感与GIS应用研究。E-mail:mengdi_fu@163.com
通讯作者:李俊生(1968-),男,安徽巢湖人,博士,研究员,主要从事环境科学与生物多样性研究。E-mail:lijsh@craes.org.cn