Pang Fang,Wang Na,Liang Zhiqi.Effects of different rainfall intensities and slope gradients on runoff and phosphorus losses on sloping lands in Miyun Reservoir Area[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2025,32(02):122-130,139.[doi:10.13869/j.cnki.rswc.2025.02.041]
不同雨强、坡度和植被覆盖对密云库区坡地产流及磷流失的影响
- Title:
- Effects of different rainfall intensities and slope gradients on runoff and phosphorus losses on sloping lands in Miyun Reservoir Area
- 文章编号:
- 1005-3409(2025)02-0122-09
- Keywords:
- simulated rainfall; sloping land; surface runoff; subsurface runoff; phosphorus
- 分类号:
- S157.2
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- [目的]磷是造成密云库区水体富营养化的主要因素,探索密云库区坡地产流和磷流失特征,为密云库区水体富营养化污染防控提供数据支撑和理论依据。[方法]采用室内人工模拟降雨试验,研究了在不同降雨强度(40 mm/h,60 mm/h和80 mm/h)、坡度(5°,10°和15°)和不同覆盖条件下(裸地和苜蓿)地表径流和壤中流的产流特征以及磷随径流流失的规律。[结果]不同覆盖条件下地表径流和壤中流初始产流时间随降雨强度和坡度的增大而提前; 不同覆盖条件下地表径流和壤中流产流速率均随降雨强度的增大而增大; 同一降雨强度下,裸地壤中流和苜蓿地表径流产流速率随坡度表现为5°>15°>10°。不同覆盖条件下地表径流和壤中流总磷(TP)流失浓度随降雨强度的增大而增大,同一降雨强度下,两种覆盖条件下地表径流TP流失浓度均在10°坡达到最大,而壤中流TP流失浓度随坡度的增大而增大。不同覆盖条件下地表径流中TP流失量随降雨强度的增大而增大; 同一降雨强度下,裸地地表径流TP流失量随坡度增大而增大,苜蓿条件下随坡度表现出10°>15°>5°的规律; 苜蓿对径流中TP流失具有良好的阻控效果,阻控效率可达61.17%。不同覆盖条件下,TP随地表径流流失占总流失量的53.76%以上,相关性分析表明降雨强度为密云库区坡地产流及磷流失的主要影响因子。[结论]密云库区坡地产流及磷流失受降雨强度、坡度和植被覆盖的影响,降雨强度为主要影响因子,地表径流是磷流失的主要途径。
- Abstract:
- [Objective]Phosphorus is the main factor causing eutrophication in Miyun Reservoir Area. The aims of this study are to explore the characteristics of runoff and phosphorus losses in sloping lands in Miyun Reservoir Area, and to provide data support and theoretical basis for the prevention and control of water eutrophication pollution in Miyun Reservoir Area. [Methods]Indoor artificial rainfall experiments were used to study the characteristics of surface runoff and subsurface runoff and the pattern of phosphorus loss with runoff under different rainfall intensities(40 mm/h, 60 mm/h and 80 mm/h), slope gradients(5°, 10° and 15°)and different cover conditions(bare land and alfalfa). [Results]The initial runoff generation time of surface runoff and subsurface runoff under different cover conditions advanced with the increase of rainfall intensity and slope gradient. The surface runoff and subsurface runoff rates under different cover conditions increased with the increase of rainfall intensity. Under the same rainfall intensity, the runoff rate of bare land and alfalfa surface runoff decreased in the order:5°>15°>10° slope gradient. The total phosphorus(TP)loss concentration of surface runoff and subsurface runoff increased with the increase of rainfall intensity under different cover conditions, and the TP loss concentration of surface runoff under the same rainfall intensity reached the maximum at 10° under the same cover condition, while the TP loss concentration of subsurface runoff increased with the increase of slope gradient. The loss of TP in surface runoff under different cover conditions increased with the increase of rain intensity. Under the same rainfall intensity, the TP loss of surface runoff increased with the increase of slope gradient, and the TP loss of surface runoff under the condition of alfalfa decreased in the order:10°>15°>5° slope gradient. Alfalfa had a good inhibitory effect on TP loss in runoff, and the control efficiency could reach to 61.17%. Surface TP loss with surface runoff accounted for more than 53.76% of the total loss under different cover conditions. Correlation analysis showed that rainfall intensity was the main influencing factor on runoff and phosphorus loss on sloping land in Miyun Reservoir Area. [Conclusion]Sloping land runoff and phosphorus loss in Miyun Reservoir Area are affected by rainfall intensity, slope gradient and vegetation cover, and rainfall intensity is the main influencing factor, surface runoff is the main way of phosphorus loss.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2024-07-17 修回日期:2024-10-16 接受日期:2024-10-30
资助项目:北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所团队促进项目(ZHS202304); 北京市农林科学院青年基金(QNJJ2022014); 国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD1500500)
第一作者:庞芳(1979—),女,河北邯郸人,高级工程师,主要从事生态环境保护。E-mail:13730051975@163.com
通信作者:梁致齐(1992—),男,河北邯郸人,工程师,主要从事面源污染防控与治理研究。E-mail:18730282116@163.com