Liu Daqian,Wang Dan,Xu Jun,et al.The Spatial Pattern of Rural Settlements and Its Influencing Factors in Changbai Mountain Region[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2024,31(03):383-390,400.[doi:10.13869/j.cnki.rswc.2024.03.035]
长白山地区乡村聚落空间格局及影响因素
- Title:
- The Spatial Pattern of Rural Settlements and Its Influencing Factors in Changbai Mountain Region
- 文章编号:
- 1005-3409(2024)03-0383-08
- Keywords:
- rural settlements; spatial patterns; spatial regression model; Geodetector; Changbai Mountain Region
- 分类号:
- K901.8
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- [目的]探究长白山地区乡村聚落空间分布特征和影响因素,理解近代大量移民背景下中高纬度山区乡村居民点空间格局的形成过程和机制。[方法]综合运用核密度分析、空间自相关分析、空间回归分析和地理探测器等方法,解析长白山地区乡村聚落的空间格局并揭示其影响因素。[结果]长白山地区的乡村聚落呈现出明显的集聚分布特征,存在东北和西南两个聚集区域; 各类空间回归方法中,空间杜宾误差模型的拟合效果最佳,结果表明耕地资源和高程是影响长白山地区乡村聚落格局最重要的因素,且对于邻域居民点的布局存在“推拉”效应,潜在未知变量(如土壤质量、文化因素等)也是导致乡村聚落表现出空间自相关的因素; 地理探测器分析的结果进一步证实了耕地资源和高程的重要性,同时也表明与县级以上城市、建制镇、主要交通线、主要河流的距离等区位因素以及地形坡度同样对乡村聚落分布有显著影响,且彼此间均呈现出交互增强的特点。[结论]主要由移民形成的中高纬度山区乡村聚落的空间格局是多因素综合作用的结果,其中耕地资源和高程的影响更为显著; 空间回归杜宾(误差)模型能够同时探测自变量和因变量的空间自相关问题,在乡村聚落空间格局的研究中具有一定的适用性。
- Abstract:
- [Objective] This study aims to explore the spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of rural settlements in the Changbai Mountain region, and to understand the formation process and mechanisms of the spatial patterns of rural residential areas in the middle and high latitude mountainous areas under the background of the large-scale migration in modern times. [Methods] Analytical methods including Kernel Density analysis, spatial autocorrelation analysis, spatial regression analysis, and Geodetector were used to examine the spatial pattern of rural settlements in the Changbai Mountain region and identify its influencing factors. [Results] The rural settlements in the Changbai Mountain region exhibited an obvious clustering distribution, with two distinctive clusters in the northeast and southwest. Among various spatial regression methods, the Spatial Durbin Error Model showed the best fit. The arable land resources and elevation were the most important factors influencing the spatial patterns of rural settlements in the Changbai Mountain region. Furthermore, these two factors exhibited a ‘push-pull' effect on the layout of neighboring settlements. Potential unknown variables such as soil quality and cultural factors also contributed to the spatial autocorrelation of rural settlements. Geodetector analysis further confirmed the importance of arable land resources and elevation. Additionally, distance to urban areas at the county level or above, administrative towns, major transportation routes, and main rivers, as well as slope, significantly influenced the distribution of rural settlements, and these factors exhibited the mutual enhancement effect. [Conclusion] The spatial patterns of rural settlements in the middle and high latitude mountainous areas, primarily formed by migration, are the result of the combined effects of multiple factors, with arable land resources and elevation being more significant. The Spatial Durbin Error Model can simultaneously detect the spatial autocorrelation effects of both the dependent and independent variables, making it applicable to the study on spatial patterns of rural settlements.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2023-06-19 修回日期:2023-07-05
资助项目:国家自然科学基金项目(41971193; 42171236); 吉林省教育厅人文社科研究项目(JJKH20210215SK); 吉林省社会科学基金项目(2020B021); 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所青年科学家小组项目(2022QNXZ02)
第一作者:刘大千(1983—),男(满族),辽宁本溪人,博士,副研究员,主要研究方向为农业和乡村地理等。E-mail:liudaqian@iga.ac.cn
通信作者:王丹(1985—),女,吉林长春人,硕士,副教授,主要研究方向为旅游地理、产业发展等。E-mail:minp941@163.com