Jiang Shuai,Zhang Li,Jing Yuanshu,et al.Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics of Regional Extreme Climate Events in China from 1981 to 2015[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2023,30(06):295-306.[doi:10.13869/j.cnki.rswc.2023.06.018]
1981-2015年中国区域极端气候事件的时空分布特征
- Title:
- Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics of Regional Extreme Climate Events in China from 1981 to 2015
- 文章编号:
- 1005-3409(2023)06-0295-12
- Keywords:
- extreme climate events; continuous spatiotemporal extreme events; climatic regions; compound extreme events
- 分类号:
- P467
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- [目的]阐明中国区域连续时空范围内极端气候事件的高发区域和时段,增强对我国极端气候事件发生规律的认知,进而为人类社会减缓和适应气候变化提供重要科学依据。[方法]基于CRUNCEP的温度和降水量数据,在1.5倍标准差极端值判别法的基础上结合连续时空极端事件分析方法,分析了1981—2015年中国区域不同类型极端气候事件的变化规律特征。[结果](1)全国极端降水和温度事件出现年份的极端气候事件具有明显的区域差异性。1983年、1998年、2012年为全国极端强降水年,极端强降水事件的主要发生区域分别位于长江中下游、长江上游和内蒙古东部,以及长江中下游和内蒙古地区。对于全国极端干旱年、1986年全国大部分区域均较常年偏干,而2011年干旱区域集中出现在亚热带—热带季风气候区。全国极端高温和极端低温年分别出现在1998年、2012年,其中1998年全国大部分地区温度偏高,而2012年极端低温事件主要发生于温带大陆性气候区。(2)1981—2015年,46%的极端强降水事件发生在2001—2015年; 13%的极端干旱事件发生在2001—2015年的亚热带-热带季风气候区; 极端高温事件频发于1991—2000年(42%)和2001—2015年(43%); 21%的极端低温事件发生在2001—2015年的温带大陆性气候区。(3)复合极端气候事件出现比例存在逐年代际递增的趋势,其中极端低温强降水事件出现比例最高(34%),并且主要集中在2001—2015年(23%)。[结论]单因子极端气候和复合极端气候事件在中国四大气候区具有较强的差异性,未来应加强分析中国区域日、月等短时间尺度上极端气候事件的时空分布特征。
- Abstract:
- [Objective] The aims of this study are to clarify the high incidence areas and time periods of extreme climate events within a continuous spatiotemporal range in the Chinese region, enhance understanding of the occurrence patterns of extreme climate events in China, and provide an important scientific basis for human society to mitigate and adapt to climate change. [Methods] We analyzed the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of different types of extreme climate events in China from 1981 to 2015, using both the 1.5 times standard deviation and the continuous spatiotemporal extreme event analysis method based on the temperature and precipitation data of CRUNCEP. [Results] There were different regional patterns of extreme climate events in those years experiencing extreme annual precipitation and air temperature events for the whole country. For the years with extreme heavy annual precipitation in 1983, 1998 and 2012, extreme heavy annual precipitation events mainly occurred in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and eastern Inner Mongolia, and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Inner Mongolia, respectively. The national extreme drought event existed in 1986 and 2011. Most regions of the country were drier than that in normal years in 1986, while the extreme drought events mainly occurred in the subtropical and tropical monsoon climate region in 2011. The extreme high temperature and extreme low temperature events occurred in 1998 and 2012, respectively. The mean air temperature in most parts of the country was higher than usual in 1998. The extreme low temperature events in 2012 occurred frequently in the temperate continental climate region. During 1981—2015, 46% of extreme heavy precipitation events occurred in 2001—2015. There were 13% of extreme drought events which occurred in the subtropical tropical monsoon climate region from 2001 to 2015. Extreme high temperature events occurred frequently in 1991—2000(42%)and 2001—2015(43%). There were 21% of extreme low temperature events which occurred in the temperate continental climate region from 2001 to 2015. The proportion of compound extreme climate events had a decadal increasing trend. The extreme low temperature and heavy precipitation events had the highest proportion(34%), and concentrated in 2001—2015(23%). [Conclusion] That single-factor extreme climate events and composite extreme climate events have strong differences in the four major climate zones in China. In the future, it is necessary to strengthen the analysis of the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of extreme climate events on short time scales such as day and month in regions of China.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2022-08-18 修回日期:2022-11-02
资助项目:国家自然科学基金(31971512; 42141005; 42030509)
第一作者:蒋帅(1995—),男,安徽亳州人,硕士,研究方向为气象灾害预警与预测。E-mail:674758323@qq.com
通信作者:张黎(1982—),女,安徽泾县人,博士,副研究员,主要从事陆地生态系统碳循环模拟研究。E-mail:li.zhang@igsnrr.ac.cn