YU Qingfeng,MIAO Qingfeng,SHI Haibin,et al.Effects of Tillage Methods on Soil Water, Heat and Salt of Field Maize in the Period of Spring Sowing[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2019,26(03):265-268.
耕作方式对秸秆覆盖玉米田春播期土壤水热盐状况的影响
- Title:
- Effects of Tillage Methods on Soil Water, Heat and Salt of Field Maize in the Period of Spring Sowing
- Keywords:
- straw mulching; tillage method; soil water content; soil temperature; soil salt content; emergence rate; maize; Hetao Irrigation Zone
- 分类号:
- S152
- 摘要:
- 为探究秸秆覆盖玉米田秋收后不同整地耕作措施对翌年春播期土壤水热盐状况及玉米出苗率的影响，试验设置免耕、少耕和旋耕共3个处理进行了对比研究。结果表明：不同耕作方式造成的秸秆覆盖量和土壤水分含量差异是影响土壤温度变化的主要因素，各处理不同土层温度整体表现为旋耕 > 少耕 > 免耕，春播期气温较低，相对较高的土壤温度有利于玉米种子的萌发；各处理不同土层含水率整体表现为免耕 > 少耕 > 旋耕，但各处理水分条件均适宜玉米种子的萌发；在一定的土壤含水率范围内，土壤含水率与土壤温度间呈现负相关关系；各处理不同土层含盐量整体表现为旋耕 > 少耕 > 免耕，0—20 cm土壤含盐量平均值分别为1.818 g/kg，1.845 g/kg，1.984 g/kg，均适宜玉米的种植；不同耕作方式对玉米出苗率影响显著，且旋耕处理出苗率最高，平均较免耕和少耕处理高9.25%和6.21%。
- Abstract:
- In order to explore the effect of different tillage methods on soil water, heat, salt and the emergence rate of maize with straw mulching after autumn harvest, three treatments including no tillage, less tillage and rotary tillage were set up. The results showed that the different straw mulching patterns caused by different tillage methods and soil moisture contents were the main factors affecting soil temperature, the soil temperature of different soil layers decreased in the order:rotary tillage > less tillage > no tillage, the temperature was lower during period of spring sowing, so relatively high soil temperature was favorable for germination of maize seeds; the soil water contents of different soil layers decreased in the order:no tillage > less tillage > rotary tillage, but all the water conditions were suitable for maize seed germination. In a certain range of soil water content, the soil water and heat showed a negative correlation. The soil salts of different soil layers decreased in the order:rotary tillage > less tillage > no tillage, average contents of soil salt in 0-20 cm layer under no tillage, less tillage and rotary tillage were 1.818 g/kg, 1.845 g/kg and 1.984 g/kg, respectively, which were suitable for planting maize. The effects of different tillage methods on the emergence rates of maize were significant, and the rate of emergence was highest under rotary tillage, which was 9.25% and 6.21% higher than those under no tillage and less tillage, respectively.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2018-08-13;改回日期:2018-08-28。
基金项目:国家自然基金重点项目（51539005）；国家自然科学基金（51209114）；“十二五”国家科技支撑计划项目（2011BAD29B03）；内蒙古自治区自然科学资助项目（2012MS0303）；内蒙古自治区高等学校科学研究项目（NJZY12088）；内蒙古农业大学职业技术学院科技创新团队项目（2017CXTD05）
作者简介:于庆峰(1976-),男,呼和浩特人,副教授,主要从事农业水土工程的研究工作。E-mail:yuqf523@126.com
通讯作者:胡敏(1977-),女(达斡尔族),呼和浩特人,博士,副教授,主要从事农业水土工程的研究工作。E-mail:66970501@qq.com