[1]郑子乔,祝经伦.生物质炭对小麦根区土壤养分和微生物特征的影响[J].水土保持研究,2019,26(03):35-41.
　ZHENG Ziqiao,ZHU Jinglun.Effect of Biochar on Soil and Microbial Characteristics in Root Zone of Wheat[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2019,26(03):35-41.
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生物质炭对小麦根区土壤养分和微生物特征的影响

《水土保持研究》[ISSN:1005-3409/CN:61-1272/P] 卷: 26 期数: 2019年03期 页码: 35-41 栏目: 出版日期: 2019-04-12
Title:
Effect of Biochar on Soil and Microbial Characteristics in Root Zone of Wheat
作者:
郑子乔1, 祝经伦2
1. 中国农业大学 烟台研究院, 山东 烟台 264000;
2. 同济大学 建筑设计研究院, 上海 200000
Author(s):
ZHENG Ziqiao1, ZHU Jinglun2
1. Yantai Institute, China Agricultural University, Yantai, Shandong 264670, China;
2. Architectural Design and Research Institute, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
关键词:
生物质炭; 小麦; 土壤特性; 微生物特性; 根区
Keywords:
biochar; wheat; soil characteristics; microbial characteristics; root zone
分类号:
S154;S606
摘要:
利用控制性的大田试验栽培技术，连续5年研究了不同浓度生物质炭（对照CK，0 t/hm2，低生物质炭LB，10 t/hm2，中生物质炭MB，20 t/hm2，高生物质炭HB，40 t/hm2）对小麦生长过程中根区土壤特性和微生物特性的影响。结果表明：（1）小麦根区土壤pH值、容重随生物质炭浓度的增加呈逐渐降低趋势，不同浓度生物质炭处理下的小麦根区土壤pH值、容重均显著低于对照（p<0.05）；（2）小麦根区土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷和全钾含量均随生物质炭浓度的增加呈先增加后降低趋势，MB浓度处理下，小麦根区土壤有机碳、全氮和全钾达到最大，不同浓度生物质炭处理下土壤有机碳、全氮和全钾均显著高于对照（p<0.05），全磷差异并不显著（p>0.05）；（3）小麦根区土壤微生物数量以细菌最多（占到微生物总数的90%以上），其次是放线菌，真菌最少，小麦根区土壤细菌数量和放线菌数量，随生物质炭浓度的增加呈先增加后降低趋势，MB浓度处理下，小麦根区土壤细菌数量和放线菌数量和最大，并且显著高于对照（p<0.05），而生物质炭却显著降低了小麦根区土壤真菌数量，总的来说，生物质炭显著增加了土壤微生物总数；（4）小麦根区土壤微生量碳、微生物量氮、微生物呼吸、微生物代谢熵和微生物活度均随生物质炭浓度的增加呈先增加后降低趋势，MB浓度处理下，小麦根区土壤微生量碳、微生物量氮、微生物呼吸、微生物代谢熵和微生物活度达到最大（p<0.05）。生物质炭的施用促进了小麦根区土壤养分、微生物数量和微生物特性和改良土壤肥力作用，以中水平生物质炭（MB）处理下效果最好，而高水平生物质炭（HB）可能会有一定的抑制作用，这还与土壤类型、土壤肥力、植物种类和生态环境等密切相关。
Abstract:
We used the controlling fields experiment of cultivation technique to study the responses of soil and microbial characteristics of wheat in root zone to different biomass charcoal addition levels (CK 0 t/hm2, LB 10 t/hm2, MB 20 t/hm2, HB 40 t/hm2) by five years. The results showed that:(1) soil pH, bulk density in root zone gradually decreased with the increase of biochar concentration and were significantly lower than CK (p<0.05); (2) soil nutrients in root zone and plant nutrients first increased and then decreased with the increase of biochar concentration and were significantly higher than CK (p<0.05), while soil total phosphorus had no significance (p>0.05); (3) bacteria amounts were predominant (more than 99.3%), actinomyces amounts were the next, and fungi amounts were the least among composition of three communities of soil microbes in root zone; soil bacteria and actinomycetes amounts first increased and then decreased with the increase of biochar concentration and were significantly higher than CK (p<0.05), while biochar addition decreased soil fungi amounts, in total, biochar addition significantly increased the total number of microorganisms (p<0.05); (4) soil microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen, microbial respiration, microbial metabolic entropy and microbial activity first increased and then decreased with the increase of biochar concentration and were significantly higher than CK (p<0.05); (5) all in all, a certain range of biochar addition could improve the soil and microbial characteristics and fertility in root zone of wheat, but that was closely related to soil type, soil fertility, plant type or other ecological environment.

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备注/Memo

收稿日期:2018-11-15;改回日期:2018-12-02。
基金项目:中国农业大学（烟台）校内科研项目“生物质炭对农作物土壤微生物特征的影响”（YT201705）
作者简介:郑子乔(1998-),女,山东济宁人,本科,主要研究方向:农业环境保护。E-mail:Ziqiao_zheng@126.com
通讯作者:祝经伦(1967-),男,江苏苏州人,博士,高级工程师,研究方向:环境工程。E-mail:Zhujlun@163.com

更新日期/Last Update: 1900-01-01