黑龙江省旱作玉米生产降水利用效率潜力演变特征

《水土保持研究》[ISSN:1005-3409/CN:61-1272/P] 卷: 26 期数: 2019年02期页码: 345-351 栏目: 出版日期: 2019-04-28

Title:: Evolution Characteristics of Precipitation Use Efficiency Potentiality of Maize in Dry Farming Area of Heilongjiang Province

作者:: 赵放^1,2,3, 王锐¹, 田宝星⁴, 赵慧颖⁴, 林伟楠^5,6, 李秀芬⁴; 1. 宁夏大学农学院, 银川 750021;
2. 哈尔滨市气象局, 哈尔滨 150028;
3. 中国气象局东北地区生态气象创新开放实验室, 哈尔滨 150030;
4. 黑龙江省气象科学研究所, 哈尔滨 150030

Author(s):: ZHAO Fang^1,2,3, WANG Rui¹, TIAN Baoxing⁴, ZHAO Huiying⁴, LIN Weinan^5,6, LI Xiufen⁴; 1. School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China;
2. Harbin Meteorological Bureau, Harbin 150028, China;
3. Innovation and Opening Laboratory of Eco-Meteorology in Northeast China, CMA, Harbin 150030, China;
4. Heilongjiang Province Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Harbin 150030, China

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分类号:: S513.3

摘要:: 研究旱作玉米降水利用效率潜力可反映降水对其产量的贡献，对作物布局具有重要意义。利用黑龙江省80个气象站1961—2017年逐日气象资料及玉米生育期和产量资料，运用EOF经验正交函数、小波分析及数理统计方法，分析了旱作玉米降水利用效率潜力时空演变特征。结果显示：1961—2017年玉米降水利用效率潜力总体呈现阶段性微升态势，振幅为33～59 kg/（hm²·mm），且依次存在28，15，5，8 a周期变化，1961—1979年和1992—1998年为上升阶段、1980—1991年和1999—2017年为下降阶段；玉米降水利用效率潜力空间分布高值中心以黑河—齐齐哈尔东南部—大庆—哈尔滨—双鸭山—佳木斯—伊春为闭合区域，高值为黑河的五大连池，低值中心在大兴安岭地区的呼玛北部地及牡丹江市的宁安一带，高值区域内玉米降水利用效率潜力振幅变化稳定，其他区域以高值区域为中心向外侧逐渐递减；玉米降水利用效率潜力齐齐哈尔东南部—大庆—哈尔滨闭合区域尚有30～50 kg/（hm²·mm）潜力可以挖掘，在大兴安岭地区的呼中以北地区可挖掘潜力不足10 kg/（hm²·mm）。不同的玉米种植区域，可采取合理密植、保墒耕作、适时施肥等措施提高玉米降水利用效率潜力。

Abstract:: Study on the precipitation use efficiency potentiality of maize can reflect the contribution of precipitation to its output and is of great significance to crop distribution. Based on the daily meteorological data of 80 weather stations from 1961 to 2017, maize growth period data and maize yield data, the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics of the precipitation use efficiency potentiality of maize in dry farming area were analyzed by using the methods of Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF), wavelet transformation analysis and mathematical statistics. The results showed that the evolution characteristics of the precipitation use efficiency potentiality of maize presented a phase micro rise situation from 1961 to 2017. The amplitude was 33～59 kg/(hm²·mm), and there were 28-year, 15-year, 5-year and 8-year periodic changes, respectively. It can be divided into two stages. The rising stages were observed from 1961 to 1979 and from 1992 to 1998, respectively, while decreasing stages occurred from 1980 to 1991 and from 1999 to 2017, respectively. The high value area of the precipitation use efficiency potentiality of maize was a closed area. The approximate location includes Heihe, southeastern Qiqihar, Daqing, Harbin, Qitaihe, Shuangyashan, Jiamusi, Hegang and Yichun. The maximum value was observed in Wudalianchi, Heihe. The low value center is located in the northern part of Huma, Greater Khingan Range, and Ning’an District, Mudanjiang. In the high-value area, the amplitude of the precipitation use efficiency potentiality was stable, while in the other regions, it gradually decreased from the high-value region to the outward side. The precipitation use efficiency potentiality of maize can improved with a potential of 30～50 kg/(hm²·mm) in the closed area surrounded by the Southeast Qiqihar, Daqing and Harbin. But in the northern region of Greater Khingan Range, the potential promotion is less than 10 kg/(hm²·mm). In different maize planting areas, the precipitation use efficiency potentiality of maize can be improved by adopting dense planting, soil moisture conservation tillage, timely fertilization and so on.

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更新日期/Last Update: 1900-01-01