WANG Tian,HUANG Zhilin,ZENG Lixiong,et al.Assessment on the Comprehensive Control of Soil Erosion and Soil Nutrient Losses in the Reforestation Patterns along the Three Gorges Reservoir Area——A Case Study of Lanlingxi Watershed[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2018,25(05):83-88.
三峡库区退耕还林土壤侵蚀及养分流失控制——以兰陵溪小流域为例
- Title:
- Assessment on the Comprehensive Control of Soil Erosion and Soil Nutrient Losses in the Reforestation Patterns along the Three Gorges Reservoir Area——A Case Study of Lanlingxi Watershed
- Keywords:
- returning farmland to forest; soil erosion; nutrient loss
- 分类号:
- S153
- 摘要:
- 以秭归县兰陵溪小流域为研究对象，基于2016年5-9月自然降雨条件下，对三峡库区内典型退耕还林模式（茶园、板栗林、柑橘园）及原有农耕地（对照）径流小区的土壤侵蚀及养分流失情况进行了监测和分析，评估退耕还林工程实施后对小流域土壤侵蚀及氮磷养分流失的影响。结果表明：（1）退耕还林后土壤侵蚀量和总氮、总磷流失量明显减少，与农耕地相比，板栗林、柑橘园和茶园地表径流流失减少幅度分别为41.95%，22.78%，6.11%，土壤侵蚀减少幅度分别为87.91%，75.26%，58.94%，总氮流失量减少幅度分别为52.42%，44.08%，31.26%，总磷流失量减少幅度为72.87%，70.45%，43.24%。（2）相较农耕地，退耕还林模式速效氮流失量明显减少，硝态氮流失量顺序为农耕地332.09 g/hm2 > 茶园243.42 g/hm2 > 板栗林124.76 g/hm2 > 柑橘园123.18 g/hm2，铵态氮流失量顺序为农耕地184.22 g/hm2 > 茶园132.18 g/hm2 > 柑橘园117.62 g/hm2 > 板栗林91.42 g/hm2，且硝态氮流失量占总氮流失量比率高于铵态氮。（3）总氮、总磷主要通过侵蚀泥沙途径流失，速效氮流失的主要途径是地表径流。流域内主要污染物为随侵蚀泥沙流失的总氮。
- Abstract:
- The soil erosion and nitrogen and phosphorus loss characteristics on typical reforestation patterns in Lanlingxi watershed along the Three Gorges Reservoir Area was studied by runoff plot experiment. Soil erosion and nutrient loss from May to September 2016 of typical reforestation patterns including garden plot (tea garden and citrus garden), forest land (Chinese chestnut) and the Original farmland were monitored and analyzed. The results showed that:(1) after the Returning Farmland to Forest Project, the quantity of soil erosion and nutrient losses (nitrogen and phosphorus, the sum of them in sediment and runoff) decreased obviously. Compared with the original farmland, the surface runoff losses in the Chinese chestnut forest, citrus garden and tea garden decreased by 41.95%, 22.78%, and 6.11%, respectively, the soil erosion decreased by 87.91%, 75.26% and 58.94%, respectively, the decrease of total nitrogen loss was 52.42%, 44.08% and 31.26%, respectively, and the decrease of total phosphorus loss was 72.87%, 70.45% and 43.24%, respectively; (2) compared with farmland, available nitrogen loss decreased in reforestation patterns, total nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N) loss ranked in the order:farmland 332.09 g/hm2 > tea graden 243.42 g/hm2 > Chinese chestnut forest 124.76 g/hm2 > citrus graden 123.18 g/hm2, and for ammonium nitrogen(NH4+-N) loss order was farmland 184.22 g/hm2 > tea graden 132.18 g/hm2 > citrus graden 117.62 g/hm2 > Chinese chestnut forest91.42 g/hm2; the proportion of nitrate nitrogen loss to total nitrogen loss is higher than that of ammonium nitrogen; (3) the main route of total nitrogen and total phosphorus losses were through sediment. The losses of NO3--N and NH4+ -N were mainly through runoff. The main pollutant in the watershed was total nitrogen of sediment.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2017-08-08;改回日期:2017-11-25。
基金项目:国家科技支撑计划“长江防护林质量调控与高效经营技术研究与示范”（2015BAD07B04）
作者简介:王甜(1987-),女,吉林辽源人,硕士研究生,研究方向土地利用及其生态环境效应。E-mail:1494951212@qq.com
通讯作者:黄志霖(1966-),男,河南信阳人,博士,研究员,主要从事生态水文研究。E-mail:hzlin66@163.com