[1]梁海斌,薛亚永,安文明,等.黄土高原不同退耕还林植被土壤干燥化效应[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(04):77-85.
　LIANG Haibin,XUE Yayong,AN Wenming,et al.Effects of Different Revegetation Types on Soil Desiccation in the Loess Plateau[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2018,25(04):77-85.
点击复制

黄土高原不同退耕还林植被土壤干燥化效应

《水土保持研究》[ISSN:1005-3409/CN:61-1272/P] 卷: 25 期数: 2018年04期 页码: 77-85 栏目: 出版日期: 2018-06-13
Title:
Effects of Different Revegetation Types on Soil Desiccation in the Loess Plateau
作者:
梁海斌1,2, 薛亚永3, 安文明1,2, 王帅1, 李宗善1, 吕一河1
1. 中国科学院 生态环境研究中心 城市与区域生态国家重点实验室, 北京 100085;
2. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;
3. 兰州大学 资源环境学院 西部环境教育部重点实验室, 兰州 730000
Author(s):
LIANG Haibin1,2, XUE Yayong3, AN Wenming1,2, WANG Shuai1, LI Zongshan1, Lü Yihe1
1. State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
3. Key Laboratory of West China’s Environmental System, Ministry of Education, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
关键词:
土壤干燥化; 退耕还林; 土壤含水量; 黄土高原
Keywords:
soil desiccation; grain-for-green project; soil moisture; the Loess Plateau
分类号:
S727.21;S157
摘要:
土壤水分是黄土高原植被恢复的主要限制因子，退耕还林工程在恢复生态环境的同时也造成了区域土壤含水量下降和土壤干燥程度的加剧，土壤干燥化正日益威胁到土壤水资源的持续利用和人工植被建设的成效。选取黄土高原退耕还林试点县吴起境内刺槐、杏树、柠条和沙棘4种分布广泛的退耕植被类型，对照撂荒草地，分析了不同林龄和不同植被类型样地0—500 cm的土壤水分特征和土壤干燥化效应，并根据作物耗水量估算土壤干层水分的恢复时间。结果表明：不同退耕还林植被类型样地土壤含水量由表层向深层呈降低趋势，随林龄增加，各植被类型样地土壤含水量、有效储水量逐渐减少。刺槐林土壤含水量较同龄沙棘和柠条林低，而杏树林则较同龄柠条林高。各植被类型样地土壤剖面均不含渗透重力水与极易效水层，随林龄增加，土壤相对湿度及易效水土层厚度占比逐渐减少，中效水、难效—无效水土层厚度逐渐增加。随林龄和土层深度的增加，各植被类型样地土壤干燥化强度、土壤干层厚度逐渐增加，土壤湿度恢复到土壤稳定湿度所需要的时间及难度呈上升趋势。
Abstract:
Soil moisture is the main limiting factor affecting vegetation restoration in the vast Loess Plateau. Since Grain-for-Green Project was conducted in 1999, vegetation coverage has increased significantly, and soil and water loss has been alleviated. However, on the other hand, as ecological water use of vegetation increased, it has resulted in decrease of soil moisture content and aggravated soil desiccation. Soil desiccation has been seriously threatened the sustainable and healthy use of soil water resource as well as the vegetation construction. In the present study, a representative county, Wuqi County, located in northwestern Loess Plateau, was selected. Four different revegetation types (Robinia pseudoacacia, Prunus armeniaca, Caragana korshinskii, Hippophae rhamnoides) with various forest ages (10-year, 15-year, 18-year, 20-year, 25-year, 30-year, 38-year, 42-year as well as 50-year) were selected to measure the soil moisture contents and soil desiccation intensity in 0—500 cm soil profiles. Soil moisture availability, together with desiccated soil layers’ recovery was also estimated based on annual crop water consumption. The results indicated that soil moisture contents of different revegetation types decreased from surface to deep soil layers, soil moisture in 0—100 cm soil depth varied actively, while below 100 cm it kept relatively stable; as forest age increased, soil moisture contents, available soil moisture storage gradually declined, while soil moisture over consumption showed an increasing tendency; soil moisture content in Robinia pseudoacacia was lower than that in Caragana korshinskii and Hippophae rhamnoides shrub-lands with the same forest age, whereas soil moisture content in Prunus armeniaca was a little higher than even-aged Caragana korshinskii; moreover, there was no infiltration gravitational moisture and most easily available soil moisture in each sampling plot; with the increase of forest age, relative soil moisture and the ratio of easily available soil moisture to soil profiles decreased, while the thickness of moderately available and hard-unavailable soil moisture gradually increased. In conclusion, soil desiccation intensity and the thickness of desiccated soil layers gradually increased along with the increase of forest age and soil depth, furthermore, both the time and difficulty required for soil desiccation recovery to the stable soil moisture escalated.

参考文献/References:

[1] Zhang B Q, He C S, Burnham M, et al. Evaluating the coupling effects of climate aridity and vegetation restoration on soil erosion over the Loess Plateau in China[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2016,539:436-449.
[2] Lü Y H, Fu B J, Feng X M, et al. A policy-driven large scale ecological restoration:quantifying ecosystem services changes in the Loess Plateau of China[J]. Plos One, 2012,7(2):e31782.
[3] Wang S, Fu B J, Gao G Y, et al. Responses of soil moisture in different land cover types to rainfall events in a re-vegetation catchment area of the Loess Plateau, China[J]. Catena, 2013,101(3):122-128.
[4] Yang L, Chen L D, Wei W, et al. Comparison of deep soil moisture in two re-vegetation watersheds in semi-arid regions[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2014,513(1):314-321.
[5] Deng L, Yan W M, Zhang Y W, et al. Severe depletion of soil moisture following land-use changes for ecological restoration:Evidence from northern China[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2016,366:1-10.
[6] Wang L, Wang Q J, Wei S P, et al. Soil desiccation for Loess soils on natural and regrown areas[J]. Forest Ecology and Management, 2008,255(7):2467-2477.
[7] Chen H S, Shao M A, Li Y Y. Soil desiccation in the Loess Plateau of China[J]. Geoderma, 2008,143(1):91-100.
[8] Wang Y Q, Shao M A, Zhu Y J, et al. Impacts of land use and plant characteristics on dried soil layers in different climatic regions on the Loess Plateau of China[J]. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2011,151(4):437-448.
[9] Wang X C, Muhammad T N, Hao M D, et al. Sustainable recovery of soil desiccation in semi-humid region on the Loess Plateau[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2011,98(8):1262-1270.
[10] Fan J, Gao Y, Wang Q J, et al. Mulching effects on water storage in soil and its depletion by alfalfa in the Loess Plateau of northwestern China[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2014,138(22):10-16.
[11] Wang Y Q, Shao M A, Liu Z P. Large-scale spatial variability of dried soil layers and related factors across the entire Loess Plateau of China[J]. Geoderma, 2010,159(1):99-108.
[12] Wang Y Q, Shao M A, Liu Z P, et al. Regional spatial pattern of deep soil water content and its influencing factors[J]. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 2012,57(2):265-281.
[13] 万素梅,贾志宽,韩清芳,等.黄土高原半湿润区苜蓿草地土壤干层形成及水分恢复[J].生态学报,2008,28(3):1045-1051.
[14] 李军,陈兵,李小芳,等.黄土高原不同干旱类型区苜蓿草地深层土壤干燥化效应[J].生态学报,2007,27(1):75-89.
[15] 王志强,刘宝元,路炳军.黄土高原半干旱区土壤干层水分恢复研究[J].生态学报,2003,23(8):1944-1950.
[16] 刘沛松,贾志宽,李军,等.宁南山区紫花苜蓿土壤干层水分动态及粮草轮作恢复效应[J].生态学报,2008,28(1):183-191.
[17] 石建华,喻理飞,孙保平.陕北地区退耕还林生态健康评价分析研究:以吴起县为例[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(6):332-336.
[18] Zhang B, Wang D. Exploration of eco-economic development in ecological fragile region:A case study on Wuqi County in Shaanxi Province[J]. Agricultural Science & Technology, 2012,13(7):1524-1531.
[19] 卢纪元,朱清科,陈文思,等.陕北黄土区植被特征对坡面微地形的响应[J].中国水土保持科学,2016,14(1):53-60.
[20] 伍玉容,王洁,郭建英,等.黄土丘陵植被恢复区不同植被类型对土壤物理性质的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2009,28(3):96-98.
[21] 杨文治,邵明安.黄土高原土壤水分研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2000.
[22] Fan J, Shao M A, Wang Q J, et al. Toward sustainable soil and water resources use in China’s highly erodible semi-arid Loess Plateau[J]. Geoderma, 2010,55(1/2):93-100.
[23] Li J, Chen B, Li X F, et al. Effects of deep soil desiccation on artificial forestlands in different vegetation zones on the Loess Plateau of China[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2008,28(4):1429-1445.
[24] 穆兴民,徐学选,陈霁巍.黄土高原生态水文研究[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2001.
[25] 郭忠升,邵明安.黄土丘陵半干旱区柠条锦鸡儿人工林对土壤水分的影响[J].林业科学,2010,46(12):1-7.
[26] 卢建利,陈云明,张亚莉,等.黄土丘陵半干旱区沙棘生长对土壤水分及养分的影响[J].水土保持研究,2008,15(3):137-145.
[27] Yao X L, Fu B J, Lü Y H, et al. The multi-scale spatial variance of soil moisture in the semi-arid Loess Plateau of China[J]. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2012,12(5):694-703.
[28] 常译方,毕华兴,许华森,等.晋西黄土区不同密度刺槐林对土壤水分的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(6):227-232.
[29] 莫保儒,王子婷,蔡国军,等.半干旱黄土区成熟柠条林地剖面土壤水分环境及影响因子研究[J].干旱区地理,2014,37(6):1207-1215.
[30] 程积民,万惠娥,王静,等.半干旱区柠条生长与土壤水分消耗过程研究[J].林业科学,2005,41(2):37-41.
[31] 梁海斌.晋西北黄土丘陵区不同林龄柠条林地土壤水分特征研究[D].太原:山西大学,2014.
[32] 吕文强,王立,党宏忠,等.黄土高原坡面带状植被土壤水分有效性的空间分异特征[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(6):233-240.

相似文献/References:

[1]韩磊,郑佳丽,贺康宁,等.青海省大通县退耕还林对土壤理化性质的影响[J].水土保持研究,2009,16(03):100.
　HAN Lei,ZHENG Jia-li,HE Kang-ning,et al.Effect of Returning Farmland into Forest on Soil Physicochemical Properties in Datong County of Qinghai Province[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2009,16(04):100.
[2]赵发珠,韩新辉,杨改河,等.黄土丘陵区不同退耕还林地土壤有机碳、氮密度变化特征[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(04):43.
　ZHAO Fa-zhu,HAN Xin-hui,YANG Gai-he,et al.Change Characteristics of Density of Soil Organic Carbon and Nitrogen under Land Shifted into Forestland in Hilly Loess Region[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(04):43.
[3]李有华,王晓斌,刘润栓.搞好退耕还林需着重解决的几个问题[J].水土保持研究,2004,11(01):110.
　LI You-hua,WANG Xiao-bin,LIU Run-shuan.Problems of Converting Slope Farmland Into Forest and Grassland[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2004,11(04):110.
[4]闫丽珍,闵庆文.退耕还林中“经济林”和“生态林”的概念和比例问题[J].水土保持研究,2004,11(03):50.
　YAN Li-zhen,MIN Qing-wen.Discussion on Concept and Proportion of Economic Forest and Ecologic Forest in Returning Cultivated Land to Forest[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2004,11(04):50.
[5]林明添,杨生健,邹得棉,等.大田县退耕还林成果及其效益分析[J].水土保持研究,2004,11(03):231.
　LIN Ming-tian,YANG Sheng-jian,ZOU De-mian,et al.Achievements of Returning Cultivated Land to Forests and Its Benefit Analysis in Datian County[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2004,11(04):231.
[6]姚蓉.完善的后续政策是巩固退耕还林成果的重要前提[J].水土保持研究,2005,12(06):268.
　YAO Rong.Consummating Continuous Policy System to Consolidate Achievement of Converting Slope Farmland into Forest and Grassland[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2005,12(04):268.
[7]梁仁君,林振山,许汝贞.基于GIS的沂蒙山区退耕还林(草)规划方案分析[J].水土保持研究,2006,13(01):136.
　LIANG Ren-jun,LIN Zhen-shan,XU Ru-zhen.Analysis of Planning Scheme on Cultivated Land in Yimeng Mountains Returned to Forestland and Grassland Based on GIS[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2006,13(04):136.
[8]王海明,陈治谏,李贤伟,等.不同退耕还林林草模式土壤与林草间氮素变化规律研究[J].水土保持研究,2006,13(02):124.
　WANG Hai-ming,CHEN Zhi-jian,LI Xian-wei,et al.Study on the Soil Nutrient and Tree and Grass Nutrient Content Cycle of Different Forest and Grass System in Converting Agricultural Lands to Trees[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2006,13(04):124.
[9]贾俊姝,胡文忠,李文忠,等.北川河流域退耕还林不同配置模式对土壤抗冲性的影响[J].水土保持研究,2006,13(03):77.
　JIA Jun-shu,HU Wen-zhong,LI Wen-zhong,et al.Influence of Different Species Arrangement Models on Soil Anti-scourability in Converting Cropland to Forest in Beichuanhe Watershed[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2006,13(04):77.
[10]罗国占,赵廷宁,王贤,等.吴旗县覆沙黄土区退耕还林结合封禁的植被恢复效果研究[J].水土保持研究,2006,13(03):80.
　LUO Guo-zhan,ZHAO Ting-ning,WANG Xian,et al.Study on Revegetation Effect of Returning Farmland to Forestry Combining Closure in Sand Covered and Loess Region in Wuqi County[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2006,13(04):80.

备注/Memo

收稿日期:2017-06-02;改回日期:2017-09-04。
基金项目:国家自然科学基金（41390462，41571503）；环保公益项目（201409055）
作者简介:梁海斌(1988-),男,山西孝义人,博士研究生,研究方向为全球变化与区域生态。E-mail:lhb1011@126.com
通讯作者:李宗善(1977-),男,山东潍坊人,副研究员,硕士生导师,主要从事生态水文学、树木年轮气候学研究。E-mail:zsli_st@rcees.ac.cn

更新日期/Last Update: 1900-01-01