[1]温永福,高鹏,穆兴民,等.降雨强度对梯田边坡细沟侵蚀的影响[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(03):6-10.
　WEN Yongfu,GAO Peng,MU Xingmin,et al.Effect of Rainfall Intensity on Rill Erosion on Terrace Wall[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2018,25(03):6-10.
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降雨强度对梯田边坡细沟侵蚀的影响

《水土保持研究》[ISSN:1005-3409/CN:61-1272/P] 卷: 25 期数: 2018年03期 页码: 6-10 栏目: 出版日期: 2018-04-10
Title:
Effect of Rainfall Intensity on Rill Erosion on Terrace Wall
作者:
温永福1,2, 高鹏2,3, 穆兴民2,3, 赵广举2,3, 孙文义2,3
1. 西北农林科技大学 水利与建筑工程学院, 陕西 杨凌 712100;
2. 西北农林科技大学 土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室, 陕西 杨凌 712100;
3. 中国科学院 水利部 水土保持研究所 土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室, 陕西 杨凌 712100
Author(s):
WEN Yongfu1,2, GAO Peng2,3, MU Xingmin2,3, ZHAO Guangju2,3, SUN Wenyi2,3
1. College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China;
3. Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
关键词:
降雨强度; 细沟发育; 侵蚀速率; 崩塌过程
Keywords:
rainfall intensity; rill evolution; erosion rate; collapse
分类号:
S157
摘要:
为了进一步明确黄土高原丘陵沟壑区梯田边坡在不同降雨强度下的细沟侵蚀和发育特征，选取陕西安塞县纸坊沟小流域土壤为试验材料，利用自制的试验模型槽，采用人工分层填筑方法，模拟野外最常见的单级梯田形态，在室内模拟降雨的条件下，设计了5组降雨强度（1.5，1.75，2.0，2.25，2.5 mm/min），研究了不同降雨强度对单级梯田边坡细沟侵蚀和发育的影响。结果表明：（1） 降雨强度越大，梯田边坡坡面产流、跌坎和细沟出现的时间越早，细沟主要由沿坡面方向呈线状平行分布的跌坎相互连通演化而成；（2） 各雨强条件下，细沟长度、宽度和深度的变化趋势不同，其中细沟的长度能很好地反映细沟的发育过程，且其与侵蚀速率之间存在着极显著的正相关关系；（3） 不同降雨强度下，梯田边坡发生崩塌的过程分为3个阶段：跌坎的形成、有跌坎相互贯通形成细沟、由于表层土体悬空靠近坡顶的坡面出现浅层崩塌。
Abstract:
Because of the high, steep and the special form, rill evolution and erosion of terrace wall is different from the traditional slow slope. However, the existing studies mainly focused on the tradition slow slope so that they cannot reveal the erosion process of the terrace walls in the field accurately. As a result, studying the rill evolution and erosion process of three-dimensional terrace wall is necessary. In order to simulate the terrace wall, platform is used to bank up the soil which is collected from the Ansai County in Shanxi Province. The rainfall simulation experiments were conducted under the indoor rainfall experimental condition and five kinds of rainfall intensities (1.5,1.75, 2.0, 2.25, 2.5 mm/min), variations in erosion and characteristics of rill were studied experimentally. The results show that the greater the intensity of the rainfall, the sooner the runoff, step-down floor and rill of terrace wall appeared, and rill was evolved from a series of step-down floor which was parallel to each other and distributed with line at wall surface direction. The length, width and depth of rill show the different tendency in each rainfall test., and the length of rill which has obvious relevance to the rate of erosion can represent the process of rill well and collapse.

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备注/Memo

收稿日期:2017-06-01;改回日期:2017-07-25。
基金项目:水利公益性行业科研专项（201501049）；中国科学院西部之光项目；国家重点研发计划专题计划（2016YFC0501707）
作者简介:温永福(1992-),男,河北沧州人,硕士研究生,研究方向为水土保持和生态水文。E-mail:2548065512@qq.com
通讯作者:高鹏(1976-),男,陕西宝鸡人,博士,副研究员,硕士生导师,主要从事水土保持和流域生态水文。E-mail:gaopeng@ms.iswc.ac.cn

更新日期/Last Update: 1900-01-01