[1]袁瀛,张辉.初始解冻深度对黄绵土坡面产流产沙的影响[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(02):66-71.
　YUAN Ying,ZHANG Hui.Effect of Initial Thawing Depth on Runoff and Sediment Yield on Loessial Soil Slope[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2018,25(02):66-71.
点击复制

初始解冻深度对黄绵土坡面产流产沙的影响

《水土保持研究》[ISSN:1005-3409/CN:61-1272/P] 卷: 25 期数: 2018年02期 页码: 66-71 栏目: 出版日期: 2018-04-03
Title:
Effect of Initial Thawing Depth on Runoff and Sediment Yield on Loessial Soil Slope
作者:
袁瀛1, 张辉2
1. 陕西省水土保持勘测规划研究所, 西安 710004;
2. 西安理工大学 西北旱区生态水利工程国家重点实验室培育基地, 西安 710048
Author(s):
YUAN Ying1, ZHANG Hui2
1. Surveying and Planning Institute of Soil and Water Conservation of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an 710004, China;
2. State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-hydraulic Engineering in Arid Area, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China
关键词:
土壤侵蚀; 初始解冻深度; 降雨强度; 黄绵土
Keywords:
soil erosion; initial thaw depth; rainfall intensity; loessial soil
分类号:
S157.1
摘要:
春季解冻期土壤侵蚀受初始解冻深度影响较大，通过室内模拟降雨试验研究了降雨强度和初始解冻深度对解冻期黄绵土坡面降雨侵蚀的影响。试验处理包括3个降雨强度（0.6，0.9，1.2 mm/min）和4个初始解冻深度（0，2，4，6 cm）。结果表明：在不同的初始解冻深度下，雨强由0.6 mm/min增加到1.2 mm/min时，坡面产流量增加了2.79~3.63倍；相同降雨条件下，坡面产流量随着初始解冻深度的增加大致呈逐渐增加趋势；相同初始解冻深度下，雨强由0.6 mm/min增加到1.2 mm/min时，坡面产沙量增加了0.78~4.22倍；随着初始解冻深度的增加，不同降雨强度下的坡面产沙量变化规律较为复杂，但是当雨强和初始解冻深度均增加时，坡面产沙量增加，这表明降雨强度、初始解冻深度对坡面产沙量的影响存在交互作用。经分析后发现，坡面产流量主要受降雨强度的影响，而坡面产沙量主要受降雨强度、降雨强度-解冻深度交互作用的影响。根据试验数据，分别建立了坡面产流量与降雨强度的经验关系式以及坡面侵蚀量与降雨强度、降雨强度-解冻深度交互作用的经验关系式。该研究成果期望为完善土壤侵蚀机理研究提供一定的参考依据。
Abstract:
The initial thaw depth has the great impact on the soil erosion in spring thaw period. A rainfall simulation study was conducted to examine the effects of rainfall intensity and initial thaw depth on loessial soil erosion in the spring thaw period. The experimental treatments included three rainfall intensities (0.6,0.9,1.2 mm/min), four initial thaw depths (0,2,4,6 cm). The results showed that runoff increased by 2.79~3.63 times when rainfall intensity increased from 0.6 mm/min to 1.2 mm/min under different initial thaw depths. The runoff was roughly increasing, with the increasing of the initial thaw depth. Soil loss increased by 4.2 times when rainfall intensity increased from 0.6 mm/min to 1.2 mm/min under different initial thaw depths; the effects of initial thaw depth on soil erosion were complex, but when the initial thaw depth and rainfall intensity increased simultaneously, soil loss increased, which suggested that the rainfall intensity and initial thaw depth had the coupling effects on the erosion of the slope. Runoff had the strongest correlation with rainfall intensity. Soil loss had the strongest correlation with rainfall intensity, followed by coupling effects of rainfall intensity-initial thaw depth. According to these observed date, the empirical equations for predicting runoff and soil loss were also established. These findings may provide the supplement for understanding the erosion mechanisms.

参考文献/References:

[1] 景国臣.冻融侵蚀的类型及其特征研究[J].中国水土保持,2003(10):17-18.
[2] 范昊明,蔡强国.冻融侵蚀研究进展[J].中国水土保持科学,2003,1(4):50-55.
[3] 王随继.黄河中游冻融侵蚀的表现方式及其产沙能力评估[J].水土保持通报,2004,24(6):1-5.
[4] 王娇月,宋长春,王宪伟,等.冻融作用对土壤有机碳库及微生物的影响研究进展[J].冰川冻土,2011,33(2):442-452.
[5] Klaveren R W V, Mccool D K. Erodibility and critical shear of a previously frozen soil[J]. Transactions of the Asae, 1998,41(5):1315-1321.
[6] Frame P A, Burney J R, Edwards L. Laboratory measurement of freeze thaw, compaction, residue and slope effects on rill erosion[J]. Canadian Agricultural Engineering,1992,34(2):143-149.
[7] 李强,刘国彬,许明祥,等.黄土丘陵区冻融对土壤抗冲性及相关物理性质的影响[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(17):105-112.
[8] 冯大光,范昊明,王铁良.基于最优回归子集的土壤解冻期降雨侵蚀模拟试验分析[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2016,47(1):124-128.
[9] 周丽丽,王铁良,范昊明,等.未完全解冻层对黑土坡面降雨侵蚀的影响[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(6):1-4.
[10] 范昊明,张瑞芳,武敏,等.草甸土近地表解冻深度对坡面降雨侵蚀影响研究[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(3):5-8.
[11] 周丽丽,范昊明,武敏,等.白浆土春季解冻期降雨侵蚀模拟[J].土壤学报,2010,47(3):574-578.
[12] Jane C. Froese, Richard M. Cruse, Mohammadreza Ghaffarzadeh.冻融侵蚀机理[J].水土保持科技情报,2001(3):26-28.
[13] Sharratt B S, Lindstrom M J, Benoit G R, et al. Runoff and soil erosion during spring thaw in the northern U. S. Corn Belt.[J]. Journal of Soil & Water Conservation, 2000,55(4):487-494.
[14] Oygarden L. Rill and gully development during extreme winter runoff event in Norway[J]. Catena, 2003,50(2/4):217-242.
[15] Ban Y, Lei T, Chen C, et al. Study on the facilities and procedures for meltwater erosion of thawed soil[J]. International Soil & Water Conservation Research, 2016,4(2):142-147.
[16] 朱显谟,祝一志.试论中国黄土高原土壤与环境[M].北京:科学出版社,1991.
[17] 郑秀清,樊贵盛.土壤含水率对季节性冻土入渗特性影响的试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2000,16(6):52-55.
[18] 范昊明,张瑞芳,周丽丽,等.气候变化对东北黑土冻融作用与冻融侵蚀发生的影响分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2009,23(6):48-53.

相似文献/References:

[1]宋玥,张忠学.不同耕作措施对黑土坡耕地土壤侵蚀的影响[J].水土保持研究,2011,18(02):14.
　SONG Yue,ZHANG Zhong-xue.The Effect of Different Tillage Measures on Soil Erosion in Slope Farmland in Black Soil Region[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2011,18(02):14.
[2]裴会敏,许明祥,李强,等.侵蚀条件下土壤有机碳流失研究进展[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(06):269.
　PEI Hui-min,XU Ming-xiang,LI Qiang,et al.Advances in Soil Organic Carbon Losses under Erosion[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(02):269.
[3]赵玉明,刘宝元,姜洪涛.东北黑土区垄向的分布及其对土壤侵蚀的影响[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(05):1.
　ZHAO Yu-ming,LIU Bao-yuan,JIANG Hong-tao.Distribution of Tillage-induced Direction and Its Effect on Soil Erosion in Black Soil Area of Northeast China[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(02):1.
[4]袁靓,高华端,张旭贤,等.基于土壤侵蚀的贵阳市喀斯特地区基岩层间节理研究[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(05):167.
　YUAN Jing,GAO Hua-duan,ZHANG Xu-xian,et al.Research on the Interlayer Joints of Bedrock in the Karst Region of Guiyang City Based on Soil Erosion[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(02):167.
[5]泮雪芹,刘占仁,孟晓云,等.云蒙湖流域不同土地利用类型的土壤侵蚀特征分析[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(04):6.
　PAN Xue-qin,LIU Zhan-ren,MENG Xiao-yun,et al.Analysis on Features of Soil Erosion with Different Land Uses in the Yunmeng Lake Watershed[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(02):6.
[6]朱志玲,吴咏梅,张敏.基于GIS的宁夏生态环境敏感性综合评价[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(04):101.
　ZHU Zhi-ling,WU Yong-mei,ZHANG Min.Comprehensive Evaluation on Eco-environment Sensibility of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Based on GIS[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(02):101.
[7]李瑞,李勇,刘云芳.贵州喀斯特地区降雨与坡面土壤侵蚀关系研究[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(03):7.
　LI Rui,LI Yong,LIU Yun-fang.Study of Rainfall and Soil Erosion on Slope in Karst Region of Guizhou Province[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(02):7.
[8]程峥,姚志宏,张婧,等.南方红壤农作区数字流域建立和应用[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(03):12.
　CHENG Zheng,YAO Zhi-hong,ZHANG Jing,et al.Establishment and Application of Digital Watershed in the Red Earth Areas, Southern China[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(02):12.
[9]董磊,彭明春,王崇云,等.基于USLE和GIS/RS的滇池流域土壤侵蚀研究[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(02):11.
　DONG Lei,PENG Ming-chun,WANG Chong-yun,et al.Research on Soil Erosion Based on the USLE Model and RS/GIS in the Dianchi Lake Watershed[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(02):11.
[10]陈宇,焦菊英,王宁,等.黄土丘陵区撂荒地不同侵蚀带土壤种子库特征[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(01):1.
　CHEN Yu,JIAO Ju-ying,WANG Ning,et al.Characteristics of Soil Seed Banks under Different Erosion Zones on Abandoned Land in the Hilly-gullied Loess Plateau[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(02):1.

备注/Memo

收稿日期:2017-5-27;改回日期:2017-7-11。
基金项目:国家自然科学基金（41330858，41471226）；陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目（2016JM4017）
作者简介:袁瀛(1963-),男,陕西阎良人,本科,高级工程师,主要从事水土保持研究。E-mail:751290967@qq.com
通讯作者:张辉(1991-),男,陕西渭南人,硕士研究生,研究方向为土壤侵蚀机理。E-mail:zhanghui1017@yeah.net

更新日期/Last Update: 1900-01-01