[1]张聪,慕平,尚建明.长期持续秸秆还田对土壤理化特性、酶活性和产量性状的影响[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(01):92-98.
　ZHANG Cong,MU Ping,SHANG Jianming.Effects of Continuous Returning Corn Straw on Soil Chemical Properties, Enzyme Activities and Yield Trait[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2018,25(01):92-98.
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长期持续秸秆还田对土壤理化特性、酶活性和产量性状的影响

《水土保持研究》[ISSN:1005-3409/CN:61-1272/P] 卷: 25 期数: 2018年01期 页码: 92-98 栏目: 出版日期: 2018-02-28
Title:
Effects of Continuous Returning Corn Straw on Soil Chemical Properties, Enzyme Activities and Yield Trait
作者:
张聪1,2, 慕平1,2, 尚建明1,2
1. 甘肃农业大学 农学院, 兰州 730070;
2. 甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室, 兰州 730070
Author(s):
ZHANG Cong1,2, MU Ping1,2, SHANG Jianming1,2
1. College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
2. Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China
关键词:
玉米; 秸秆还田; 土壤养分; 土壤酶活性
Keywords:
corn; straw returned; soil nutrients; soil enzyme activity
分类号:
S157.2;S158.3
摘要:
秸秆还田是改善土壤性质、提高土壤肥力和增加作物产量的一项有效措施。研究在玉米秸秆长期持续还田背景下，探索延长还田年限时土壤理化性状、耕层土壤酶活性变化特点以及对玉米产量性状的影响。本试验利用甘肃省平凉试验站长期玉米秸秆还田定位试验田，在前期研究基础上，探究还田年限进一步延长累积达到还田9年（Y9）、还田12年（Y12）和还田15年（Y15）时土壤理化特性、玉米生育期酶活性动态变化以及玉米产量性状的变化特征。结果表明：秸秆还田随着年限的延长对土壤容重、土壤孔隙度、土壤pH有很好的改良效果；秸秆还田年限的继续延长使0—30 cm土层有机碳、全氮、全磷、速效磷、碱解氮、速效钾含量增长幅度下降，即当还田年限达到10年以上时土壤有机碳和土壤养分趋于一定的饱和状态；玉米生育期0—30 cm土层中土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、碱性磷酸酶和蔗糖酶活性表现出随着年限的延长而升高的趋势；秸秆还田能有效提高玉米籽粒产量，但并没有随着年限的延长而持续大幅度增加。因此，实践中考虑在持续进行秸秆还田10年以上可适当减少该地秸秆还田量从而更高效地利用秸秆资源持续提高土壤性能。
Abstract:
Returning straw into soil is the effective measure to improve the soil properties, improve soil fertility and increase crop yields. This research under the background of corn straw returned for a long time to explore the changes of soil physical and chemical properties, the surface soil enzyme activity change characteristics and the effect of maize yield with increasing years of straw returning. This experiment used corn straw returning field test in Experimental Station in Gansu Province to explore (Y0, Y9, Y12, Y15) soil physical and chemical properties and the growth period of maize enzyme activity dynamically and the change of maize yield traits with years of straw returned on the basis of previous research. The results show that straw returning has good modified effects on soil bulk density, soil porosity, soil pH with the extension of years of straw returning; extending the years of straw returning reduced the growth rate of organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available P, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, available K in the 0—30 cm soil layer, and the soil organic carbon and soil nutrient reached the balance when the straw returning lasted more than 10 years; soil catalase, urease, alkaline phosphatase and invertase activities showed the rising trend with the extension of the years in the 0—30 cm soil layer in the growth period of maize, and with maize growth period, soil enzyme activities showed dynamic changes. Straw returning can effectively improve the corn grain yield, but not dramatically increased with the extension of years. Therefore, we may be considered to reduce the amount of straw returning appropriately when practice of straw returning lasted more than 10 years so as to more efficiently use the corn straw to improve soil nutrients.

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备注/Memo

收稿日期:2016-12-19;改回日期:2017-3-2。
基金项目:甘肃省科技厅支撑项目“陇东黄土高原长期全量秸秆玉米秸秆还田土壤碳增汇效应及调控机制研究”（1506RJZA012）；甘肃农业大学青年导师扶持基金“黄土高原长期秸秆还田土壤碳汇效应及调控机制研究”（GAU-QNDS-201503）
作者简介:张聪(1990-),男,甘肃甘谷人,在读硕士研究生,主要从事玉米栽培及生态生理科学研究。E-mail:727402740@qq.com
通讯作者:慕平(1971-),男,甘肃兰州人,副教授,主要从事玉米育种及栽培生理科学研究。E-mail:mup@gsau.edu.cn

更新日期/Last Update: 1900-01-01