GAN Fengling,WANG Tao,HE Binghui,et al.Fractal Feature of Soil in the Different Types of Vegetation in Wenchuan Earthquake Zone[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2018,25(01):84-91.
汶川震区不同植被下土壤组成及其分型特征
- Title:
- Fractal Feature of Soil in the Different Types of Vegetation in Wenchuan Earthquake Zone
- 分类号:
- S152.3;S152.7
- 摘要:
- 目前关于植被恢复对震区土壤颗粒、团聚体、微团聚体粒径分布的影响研究很少，故本文以植被恢复下汶川震区土壤为研究对象，采用土壤粒径分形维数的计算方法，研究了植被恢复类型下对土壤组成及分形特征的影响。结果表明：震区土壤风干团聚体以 > 5 mm的大粒径团聚体为主，湿筛后，土壤团聚体粒径分布中 < 0.25 mm粒径的团聚体为优势粒径，与对照样地相比，裸地、草地、灌木、经果林和玉米类型样地的土壤水稳性团聚体的MWD分别减小74.88%，40.30%，40.73%，46.98%和47.65%。震区土壤微团聚体组成以1～0.25 mm粒径为优势粒级，0.25～0.05 mm为粒径次优势粒级，该震区土壤微团聚体变化范围为2.327～2.853，呈现如下规律：玉米 > 经果林 > 灌木 > 裸地 > 草地 > 对照样地；震区土壤颗粒分形维数与土壤砂粒（1～0.05 mm）呈负相关性（D=2.926～0.002X砂粒），与土壤粉粒（0.05～0.002 mm）呈显著负相关性（D=3.05～0.008X粉粒，p < 0.01），与土壤黏粒（< 0.002 mm）呈极显著正相关性（D=2.595+0.009X黏粒，p < 0.01）。震区土壤遭受的扰动较大，导致震区土壤碎石含量增多，土壤微团聚体和土壤颗粒分形维数增大，通过对震区土壤结构特征的研究，可为震区灾后治理提供参考。
- Abstract:
- 5·12 Wenchuan earthquake triggered a large number of serious geological disasters, mainly including landslide, collapse, mud-flow, surface subsidence and so on. The earthquake made the environment more fragile, and strongly threatened the safety of people’s lives and property. This result showed that vegetation restoration was the key factor to ecological restoration in earthquake area, but few studies had suggested the fractal dimension of water-stable aggregates, micro-aggregates and soil particle in different types of vegetation restoration in earthquake area. This study, therefore, was performed in the Wenchuan earthquake area, where has been restored by vegetation for 8 years. To study the effects of vegetation types on soil fractal dimension, we suggested five vegetation types (bare land, grassland, shrub-land, conservation forest and corn-filed) with 3 treatments and 162 samples. The results showed that air-dried soil aggregate (> 5 mm) was the dominant aggregate. After wet screen processing, the soil aggregate (< 0.25 mm) was the dominant aggregate. And compared with the control plot, the MWD of soil water-stable aggregates of bare land, grassland, shrub-land, conservation forest and corn-filed reduced by 74.88%, 40.30%, 40.73%, 46.98%, 47.65%, respectively. The soil micro-aggregates of 1～0.25 mm size were dominant aggregates in Wenchuan earthquake samples, and followed by soil micro-aggregates of 0.25～0.05 mm. The range of fractal features of soil micro-aggregates was 2.327～2.853. The sequence of fractal features of soil micro-aggregates for different types of vegetation restoration was corn-filed > conservation forest > shrub-land > bare land > grassland > control plot. The fractal dimension of particle size distribution was negatively correlated with soil sand (1～0.05 mm) (D=2.926～0.002Xsand), and significantly negatively correlated with soil silt (0.05～0.002 mm) (D=3.05～0.008Xsilt, p < 0.01), and significantly positively correlated with soil clay (< 0.002 mm) (D=2.595+0.009Xclay, p < 0.01). The soil was disturbed obviously under the earthquake damage, soil gravel content increased, the fractal dimensions of micro-aggregates and soil particles increased gradually. The results from the study of soil structure characteristics could provide some references for post-quake reconstruction and natural ecological systems.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2017-2-24;改回日期:2017-3-16。
基金项目:国家自然科学基金“汶川震区滑坡堆积体土壤侵蚀机理与过程模拟研究”项目（41271291）
作者简介:甘凤玲(1989-),女(壮族),重庆市大足区人,博士,主要从事城市水土保持研究。E-mail:359140315@qq.com
通讯作者:何丙辉(1966-),男,湖南省汨罗市人,教授,博导,主要从事土壤侵蚀与小流域综合治理研究。E-mail:hebinghui@yahoo.com.cn