DING Qian,ZHOU Beibei,LYU Jinbang,et al.Experimental Study on the Regulation of Nano Carbon to Soil Nutrient Losses Under Different Vegetation Cover Conditions[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,24(06):35-40.
植被覆盖条件下纳米碳对黄土坡面养分流失调控的试验研究
- Title:
- Experimental Study on the Regulation of Nano Carbon to Soil Nutrient Losses Under Different Vegetation Cover Conditions
- Keywords:
- nano carbon content; profile of solute migration; profile of solute distribution; artificial rainfall; underlying surface
- 分类号:
- S158
- 摘要:
- 将纳米材料应用于坡面养分流失调控对减少黄土坡面养分流失等有着重要意义。基于神木六道沟流域上的坡面人工模拟降雨试验，分析了不同纳米碳含量（质量百分比分别为0%，0.1%，0.5%，0.7%，1.0%）对黄土坡面养分迁移过程的影响。结果表明：（1）同一作物的小区添加不同纳米碳含量对养分流失影响不明显；5种下垫面条件下，养分流失量均呈随纳米碳含量增加而降低的趋势，其中纳米碳含量为0.5%及0.7%对降低径流养分流失量的效果最好。不同纳米碳含量条件下，径流中的养分流失量从小到大为：空地 > 玉米 > 柠条 > 绿豆 > 苜蓿。（2）人工模拟降雨条件下，土壤表层养分在0-5 cm内均有明显减少。而大于5 cm深度的土壤中的养分值在降雨后有所增加，但随着深度增大养分增加量减少，而且添加不同浓度纳米碳导致养分值减少的速率不同。（3）不同纳米碳含量下与不同植被覆盖下径流中各离子的养分流失调控效果评价是径流中不同离子的平均浓度与平均流失率均随纳米碳含量的增加而减小，规律性较为明显。
- Abstract:
- The nanometer materials applied in the nutrient loss control could improve the utilization rate of soil water and improve soil physical structure. Based on the artificial simulated rainfall experiment in Shenmu County, Shaanxi Province, we analyzed the different contents of nano carbon (0.0%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 0.7%, 1.0% in mass) on the nutrient affect the migration process on loess slope. The results showed that planting the same crop community adding different concentration of nano carbon has not the obvious effects on nutrient losses. Five kinds of underlying surface conditions, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium loss amounts in runoff on the slope all present a decreasing trend with the increase of nano carbon contents, when the nano carbon contents are 0.5% and 0.7%, the effect of reducing nutrient loss amount in runoff is more significant. Under the conditions of different nano carbon contents, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium loss amounts decrease in the order:bare land > corn > Korshinsk Peashrub > green bean > alfalfa. Regulation effect in runoff under different nano carbon contents and different vegetation coverage were consistent with different nutrient losses. After artificial simulation rainfall, nutrients in top soil profile under different types of vegetation decreased significantly, but with the increase of the depth, the nutrient loss became decreased, which indicated that rainfall runoff could take soil nutrient of the surface layer, but most of them would be leached into the deep soil. Nutrient content decreased with the increase of depth of the soil profile, moreover, the nutrient loss was quite different due to different applied nano carbon. The average concentration and the average loss rates of different nutrients in runoff decreased when the nanometer carbon concentration increased, the regularity is obvious.
参考文献/References:
[1] 徐翠云.国内外纳米科技研究应用现状及发展趋势分析[J].中国粉体技术,2002,8(3):32-36.
[2] 陈志刚,顾卓明,顾彩香.纳米技术的研究应用现状和发展趋势[J].南通航运职业技术学院学报,2004,3(3):42-46.
[3] 王艳,韩振,张志明,等.纳米碳促进大豆生长发育的应用研究[J].腐植酸,2010(4):22-28.
[4] 李淑敏,马辰,李丽鹤,等.纳米碳对玉米氮素吸收及根系活力和土壤酶活性的影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2014,45(7):14-18.
[5] 刘键,马筠,张志明,等.肥料添加纳米碳在水稻上的施用效果[J].磷肥与复肥,2011,26(6):76-77.
[6] 梁太波,蔡宪杰,过伟民,等.纳米碳用量对烤烟生长发育和钾素吸收积累的影响[J].烟草科技,2011(11):61-65.
[7] 张亚丽,张兴昌,邵明安,等.降雨强度对黄土坡面矿质氮素流失的影响[J].农业工程学报,2004,20(3):55-58.
[8] 李裕元,邵明安,郑纪勇,等.降雨强度对黄绵土坡地磷流失特征影响试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(4):39-46.
[9] 王全九,王力,李世清.坡地土壤养分迁移与流失影响因素研究进展[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2007,35(12):109-114.
[10] 王小燕,马国辉,田小海.纳米增效尿素对杂交水稻田面水氮素动态及氮肥利用率的影响[C]//中国作物学会.2010中国作物学会学术年会论文摘要集,2010.
[11] 成杰民.改性纳米黑碳应用于钝化修复重金属污染土壤中的问题探讨[J].农业环境科学学报,2011,30(1):7-13.
[12] 佘冬立,邵明安,俞双恩.黄土区农草混合利用坡面土壤水分空间变异性[J].农业机械学报,2010,41(7):57-63.
[13] 穆晓慧,李世清,党蕊娟.黄土高原石灰性土壤不同形态磷组分分布特征[J].中国生态农业学报,2008,16(6):1341-1347.
[14] 党亚爱,李世清,王国栋,等.黄土高原典型土壤全氮和微生物氮剖面分布特征研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2008,13(6):1020-1027.
[15] 周蓓蓓,胡梓超,王全九.一种便携式野外模拟降雨装置[P].西安:CN204583541U,2015-08-26.
[16] 唐泽军,雷廷武,赵小勇,等. PAM改善黄土水土环境及对玉米生长影响的田间试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(4):216-219.
[17] 张长保,王全九,樊军,等.模拟降雨下PAM对砂黄土养分迁移影响实验研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2008,27(1):82-85.
[18] 王树会,张红艳.不同腐殖酸用量对烤烟生长及产质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2007,23(1):288-291.
备注/Memo
收稿日期:2016-10-13;改回日期:2016-11-17。
基金项目:国家自然科学基金重点项目（51239009）；国家自然科学基金面上项目（41371239）；陕西省科技支撑项目（2013KJXX-38）；陕西省水利专项支撑计划（2012Slkj-04；2013Slkj-04）；陕西省自然科学基金（2015JQ5161）
作者简介:丁倩(1993-),女,陕西商洛人,在读研究生,研究方向:农业水土资源与生态环境。E-mail:451059932@qq.com
通讯作者:周蓓蓓(1982-),女,陕西西安人,副教授,博士,研究方向:农业水土与生态环境。E-mail:happyangle222@gmail.com