WU Duoyang,JIAO Juying,YU Weijie.Species Composition and Community Characteristics of 15-Year-Old Robinia pseudoacacia Forest and Natural Vegetation in Ansai, Shaanxi Province[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,24(04):12-18,26.
陕北安塞退耕恢复15年刺槐林与自然植被的物种组成与群落特征
- Title:
- Species Composition and Community Characteristics of 15-Year-Old Robinia pseudoacacia Forest and Natural Vegetation in Ansai, Shaanxi Province
- Keywords:
- planted forest; natural restoration of vegetation; species composition; community characteristics; loess hilly and gully region
- 分类号:
- Q948.1
- 摘要:
- 为探讨陕北黄土丘陵沟壑区退耕恢复15年后刺槐人工林及自然植被的恢复特征，对安塞县三个流域“退耕还林”后栽植的15年左右刺槐林与林下植被及对应的自然恢复植被进行了调查与分析。结果表明：刺槐林下发现植物60种，隶属于27个科，49个属，以禾本科、菊科、豆科、蔷薇科植物居多；自然植被样地发现植物62种，隶属于21科49属，菊科、豆科和禾本科植物最多；无论刺槐林下还是自然植被，生长型多为一年生草本和多年生草本，水分生态型以旱生和旱中生植物为主，生活型方面地面芽植物占据优势地位；刺槐林下以狗尾草、赖草、牻牛儿苗、铁杆蒿、阿尔泰狗娃花及长芒草等为优势群落，而自然坡面以白羊草、达乌里胡枝子、铁杆蒿、阿尔泰狗娃花、长芒草及草木犀状黄耆等为优势群落；在阳坡自然恢复植被的群落盖度、地上生物量及物种多样性指数显著高于刺槐人工林（p < 0.05），而在阴坡二者差异不显著；认为在黄土丘陵沟壑区，阳坡刺槐林的植被恢复应考虑到林木生长对林下层的抑制作用，对现存郁闭度过高的林分应及时进行间伐管理以促进下层植被生长，合理进行乔、灌、草的配置，丰富群落层次结构，提升刺槐林生态功能。
- Abstract:
- In order to investigate the effect of Robinia pseudoacacia plantation on vegetation restoration in loess hilly and gully region of northern Shaanxi, the 15-year-old locust plantation and the corresponding natural vegetation were studied in the three watersheds in Ansai County. The results of species composition showed that 60 species of plants were found in the Robinia pseudoacacia plots, belonging to 27 families and 49 genera. Among them, Gramineae, Compositae, Leguminosae, Rosaceae plants were the most. 62 species were found in the natural vegetation plots, including 21 families and 49 genera, Compositae, Leguminosae and Gramineae plants were the most. No matter under Robinia pseudoacacia or natural vegetation, the growth types were mostly annual herbaceous and perennial herbaceous plants, and the water ecotype was mainly composed of xerophytes and drought-types. In addition, ground bud plants occupy the dominant position. The dominant species of the locust understory were Setaria viridis, Leymus chinensis, Erodium stephanianum, Heteropappus altaicus, Heteropappus altaicu, Stipa bungeana, while the dominant species under natural restoration were composed of Bothriochloa ischaemum, Lespedeza davurica, Heteropappus altaicus, Stipa bungeana, Heteropappus altaicu and Astragalus melilotoides. On the sunny slope, the community coverage, above-ground biomass and species diversity index of were significantly higher than those of Robinia pseudoacacia vegetation(p < 0.05), while these were no difference between the natural restoration vegetation and Robinia pseudoacacia vegetation on the shady slope. The results showed that the inhibitory effect of tree growth on the understory forest should take into account for vegetation restoration on the sunny slope in the loess hilly and gully region, and the existing canopy should be managed in time to promote the growth of understory vegetation by making scientific and rational allocation of trees, shrubs and herbs to rich community level structure and optimize the ecological function of the Robinia pseudoacacia community.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2016-12-05;改回日期:2016-12-30。
基金项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目（41371280）；水利部公益性行业科研专项经费项目（201501045）
通讯作者:焦菊英(1965-),女,陕西宝鸡人,研究员,研究方向为流域侵蚀产沙、土壤侵蚀与植被关系及水土保持效益评价。E-mail:jyjiao@ms.iswc.ac.cn