XU Meng,LIU Hongyan,WU Pan,et al.Characteristics of Soil Nutrient Leaching in Different Land Use Types of Hydro-junction in Central Guizhou Province[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,24(01):25-30,35.
黔中水利枢纽不同土地利用类型土壤养分淋溶特征
- Title:
- Characteristics of Soil Nutrient Leaching in Different Land Use Types of Hydro-junction in Central Guizhou Province
- Keywords:
- land use; leaching; soil column; soil nutrients; nitrogen and phosphorus
- 分类号:
- S153
- 摘要:
- 土壤氮磷流失与土地利用类型有着密切的关系，作为水源地工程的黔中水利枢纽保护区内主要以旱坡耕地为主，氮磷素更易流失。选取黔中水利枢纽具有代表性的3种土地利用类型（耕地、林地、荒地）土壤，采用土柱模拟淋溶试验，对氮磷淋溶流失进行分析，研究面源污染可能对水质产生的影响。结果表明：不同土地利用类型土壤的氮磷素淋溶浓度与淋溶量均随着淋溶次数的增加而减少，并逐步趋于稳定；氮素淋溶流失的主要形式有硝态氮、氨氮、有机态氮和亚硝态氮，其中，有机态氮所占比例最大，在荒地、林地、耕地中所占的比例分别为58.75%，51.09%，57.07%，其次为硝态氮，且3种土地利用类型土壤硝态氮淋溶流失均大于氨氮；磷素淋溶流失的主要形式为颗粒态磷和溶解态磷，颗粒态磷为磷流失的主要形式，在荒地、林地和耕地中所占比例分别为84.73%，75.56%和78.54%；氮磷素淋溶流失在3种土地利用类型中的流失规律各不相同。因此，在不同土地利用类型的土壤中，耕地的氮素淋溶流失，荒地的磷素淋溶流失较为严重，应采取相应的措施防止对水体造成污染。
- Abstract:
- The leaching losses of nitrogen and phosphorus from soils are closely related to land use types. Dry sloping land is the predominant type of land use in Hydro-junction in central Guizhou regarded as drinking water sources project, nitrogen and phosphorus of the sloping land are easily leaching loss. Three different typical land use types (farmland, forestland and wasteland) were chosen to analyze the leaching losses of nitrogen and phosphorus by using soil columns in order to evaluate the influence of non-point source pollution on water quality. The results showed that the leaching concentration and amount of nitrogen and phosphorus reduced, and became stable gradually with the increase of leaching duration. The main forms of nitrogen leaching loss were nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, organic nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen. The proportion of organic nitrogen was the largest, which accounted for 58.75%, 51.09%, 57.07% in wasteland, forestland and farmland, respectively, the following was nitrate nitrogen, which was more than ammonium nitrogen in different land use types. The main forms of phosphorus leaching loss were soluble phosphorus and particulate phosphorus, the proportion of particulate phosphorus was the largest, which accounted for 84.73%, 75.56%, 78.54% in wasteland, forestland and farmland, respectively. The change patterns of nitrogen and phosphorus varied in different land use types. The nitrogen leaching loss in farmland and phosphorus leaching loss in wasteland were more than others, therefore, the corresponding measures should be taken to prevent water from contamination.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2016-05-25;改回日期:2016-06-06。
基金项目:国家自然科学基金（41461097）；黔科合J重大字（[2015]2001）；研究生创新实践基地建设（贵大研SJJD[2015]004）
作者简介:徐梦(1991-),女,山东肥城人,硕士研究生,研究方向:污染控制工程。E-mail:xmeng2006@163.com
通讯作者:刘鸿雁(1969-),女,贵州贵阳人,教授,博士,研究方向:环境生物修复与生态修复。E-mail:re.hyliu@gzu.edu.cn