[1]高艳,杜峰,王雁南,等.土壤水分对黄土丘陵区演替序列种种间竞争的影响[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(06):192-197.
　GAO Yan,DU Feng,WANG Yannan,et al.Interspecific Competition of Six Succession Series Species with Different Soil Moisture Treatments in Loess Hilly Region[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,23(06):192-197.
点击复制

土壤水分对黄土丘陵区演替序列种种间竞争的影响

《水土保持研究》[ISSN:1005-3409/CN:61-1272/P] 卷: 23 期数: 2016年06期 页码: 192-197 栏目: 出版日期: 2016-12-28
Title:
Interspecific Competition of Six Succession Series Species with Different Soil Moisture Treatments in Loess Hilly Region
作者:
高艳1,2, 杜峰1,4, 王雁南3, 王月3, 李伟伟3, 时慧君3
1. 中国科学院 水利部 水土保持研究所, 陕西 杨凌 712100;
2. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;
3. 西北农林科技大学, 陕西 杨凌 712100;
4. 西北农林科技大学 水土保持研究所, 陕西 杨凌 712100
Author(s):
GAO Yan1,2, DU Feng1,4, WANG Yannan3, WANG Yue3, LI Weiwei3, SHI Huijun3
1. Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China;
2. University of China Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
3. Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China;
4. Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
关键词:
土壤水分; 种间竞争; 演替序列种; 黄土丘陵区
Keywords:
soil moisture; interspecific competition; succession series species; loess hilly region
分类号:
Q948
摘要:
种间竞争是不同物种为争夺资源发生的相互关系，对群落植被演替、恢复有重要意义。同时水分是黄土丘陵区植物生长的限制因素，该区多物种种间水资源竞争研究较少，为此选取该区6种演替序列种，采用种对试验法研究其对土壤水分变化的竞争响应。结果表明：（1）除狗尾草外，其他5种植物的生长指标和土壤水分变化趋势基本一致，地下部分变化程度大于地上部分。不同植物最适水分条件不同。（2）单位竞争能力与总竞争能力相似地反映植物种间竞争状况。狗尾草和白羊草在中高水竞争力均高于同组的猪毛蒿、达乌里胡枝子，低水反之。铁杆蒿随着水分减少，竞争力低于茭蒿。受水分胁迫时，达乌里胡枝子、白羊草的竞争力>茭蒿、铁杆蒿>猪毛蒿、狗尾草，即演替后期种竞争能力>演替中期>演替初期，符合演替生态位理论。竞争的不对称随着环境生产力的增加而降低。随着演替中土壤水分的减少，物种耐水分胁迫的能力逐渐增强，从而促使演替的继续。
Abstract:
Interspecific competition refers to the relationship between species competing for resources, which is critical to community succession and vegetation recovery. As an essential and important resource for growth, water exerts the significant effect on formation and development of interspecific relations. However, the interspecific competition for water in the hilly loess arid region was little known, where the water remained the main constraint resource for growth. Six succession series species were selected to study their competitive response to soil moisture change based on the pot experiments. The results showed that:(1) six species’ growth conditions with the different soil moisture treatments were not the same at both monoculture and pair-wise treatment, biomass and height of all five species showed a similar trend with soil moisture except for Setaria viridis, and the biomass of belowground varied more greatly than that of aboveground, interspecies competition had affected the growth of plants; (2) total competition intensity and pergram competition intensity similarly reflected the status of interspecies competiton, the competiton of S. viridis and Bothriochloa ischaemum was greater than its counterpart species Artemisia scoparia, Lespedeza dahurica in medium and high water conditions while the reverse pattern occurred in low water condition. Artemisia sacrorum’s competiton was lower than Artemisia giraldii with decrease of soil moisture. The competitiveness ranked as the order:L. dahurica, B. ischaemum > A. sacrorum, A. giraldii > S. viridis, A. scoparia under water stress, showing that the competition of late succession species was larger than succession mid-early stage and complying with the succession niche theory. Different plants had different optimal soil moisture. Competition asymmetry intensified the effects of water deficiency on the plant growth. Asymmetry of interspecies competition was caused by accessing resource asymmetry of relative and neighbor species. The plants’ tolerance ability gradually increased with decrease of soil moisture in the process of succession, thus prompting further community succession.

参考文献/References:

[1] 陈伟,薛立.根系间的相互作用一竞争与互利[J].生态学报,2004,24(6):1243-1248.
[2] 樊江文.草地植物竞争的研究[J].草业学报,2004,13(3):1-8.
[3] 王会梅.黄土区几种牧草植物的生态适应性与种间竞争研究[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2006.
[4] 杜峰,梁宗锁,胡莉娟.植物竞争研究综述[J].生态学杂志,2004,23(4):157-163.
[5] 巴雷,王德利.松嫩草原羊草与其主要伴生种竞争与共存研究[J].草地学报,2006,14(1):95-96.
[6] Ennik G C. The effect of root mass of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) on the competitive ability with respect to couchgrass(Elytrigia repens L. Desv.)[J]. Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science, 1982,30(4):275-283.
[7] Harris W, Forde B, Hardacre A. Temperature and cutting effects on the growth and competitive interaction of ryegrass and paspalum:Ⅱ. Interspecific competition[J]. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 1981,24(3):309-320.
[8] 林慧龙.高寒地区多年生禾草混播草地种间竞争效应分析[J].草业学报,2003,12(3):79-82.
[9] 马春晖,韩建国,李鸿祥,等.一年生混播草地生物量和品质以及种间竞争的动态研究[J].草地学报,1999,7(1):62-71.
[10] 沈禹颖,李昀.4种牧草种间竞争力和种间关系的研究[J].草业学报,2002,11(3):8-13.
[11] 周海燕,赵爱芬.科尔沁草原主要牧草冷蒿和差不嘎蒿的生理生态学特性与竞争机制[J].生态学报,2002,22(6):894-900.
[12] Eissenstat D, Wells C, Yanai R, et al. Building roots in a changing environment:Implications for root longevity[J]. New Phytologist, 2000,147(1):33-42.
[13] 闵庆文,余卫东.从降水资源看黄土高原地区的植被生态建设[J].水土保持研究,2002,9(3):109-117.
[14] 山仑.西北半干旱地区实现退耕还林还草的条件与措施[C]//西北生态环境论坛.北京:中国林业出版社,2001.
[15] 孙长忠,黄宝龙.黄土高原人工植被与其水分环境相互作用关系研究[J].北京林业大学学报,1998,20(3):7-14.
[16] Ladd B M, Facelli J M. Effects of competition, resource availability and invertebrates on tree seedling establishment[J]. Journal of Ecology, 2005,93(5):968-977.
[17] 杜峰,山仑,梁宗锁,等.陕北黄土丘陵区撂荒演替过程中的土壤水分效应[J].自然资源学报,2005,20(5):669-678.
[18] 陆凡,李自珍.沙区植物种的一类种间竞争模型及应用[J].西北植物学报,2003,23(1):138-140.
[19] Zamfir M, Goldberg D E. The effect of initial density on interactions between bryophytes at individual and community levels[J]. Journal of Ecology,2000,88(2):243-255.
[20] Aguiar, M R, Lauenroth W K, Peters D P. Intensity of intra-and interspecific competition in coexisting shortgrass species[J]. Journal of Ecology, 2001,89(1):40-47.
[21] 杜峰,梁宗锁,山仑,等.黄土丘陵区不同立地条件下猪毛蒿种内,种间竞争[J].植物生态学报,2006,30(4):601-609.
[22] Grime J P. Competitive exclusion in herbaceous vegetation[J]. Nature, 1973,242(5396):344-347.
[23] Humphrey L D, Pyke D A. Demographic and growth responses of a guerrilla and a phalanx perennial grass in competitive mixtures[J]. Journal of Ecology, 1998,86(5):854-865.
[24] Weigelt A, Steinlein T, Beyschlag W. Does plant competition intensity rather depend on biomass or on species identity[J]. Basic and Applied Ecology, 2002,3(1):85-94.
[25] Wilson S D, Tilman D. Component of plant competition along an experimental gradient of nitrogen availability[J]. Ecology, 1991,72(3):1050-1065.
[26] Newman E I. Competition and diversity in herbaceous vegetation[J]. Nature, 1973,244:310.
[27] 张荣,张大勇,原保忠,等.半干旱区春小麦品种竞争能力与产量关系的研究[J].植物生态学报,1999,23(3):14-19.
[28] 杨慎骄.大豆植株生长和籽粒产量对土壤干旱和竞争的响应[D].北京:中国科学院研究生院,2009.
[29] Gaudet C L, Keddy P A. A comparative approach to predicting competitive ability from plant traits[J]. Nature, 1988,334:242-243.
[30] Gaudet C L, Keddy P A. Competitive performance and species distribution in shortline plant communities:a comparative approach[J]. Ecology, 1995,76(1):280-291.
[31] Huston M, Smith T. Plant succession:life history and competition[J]. American Naturalist, 1987,130(2):168-198.
[32] 杜峰.陕北黄土丘陵区撂荒演替及主要植物种内、种间竞争研究[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2004.
[33] Caruso C M. Pollination of Ipomopsis aggregata(Polemoniaceae):effects of intra-vs. interspecific competition[J]. American Journal of Botany, 1999,86(5):663-668.
[34] 王平.半干旱地区禾-豆混播草地生产力及种间关系研究[D].长春:东北师范大学,2006.
[35] Grime J P. Vegetation classification by reference to strategies[J]. Nature, 1974,250:26-31.
[36] Aarssen, Lonnie W. Ecological combining ability and competitive combining ability in plants:toward a general evolutionary theory of coexistence in systems of competition[J]. American Naturalist, 1983,122(6):707-731.
[37] 胡莉娟,杜峰,梁宗锁.植物竞争研究综述[J].生态学杂志,2004,23(4):157-163.
[38] Callaway R M, Walker L R. Competition and facilitation:A synthetic approach to interactions in plant communities[J]. Ecology, 1997,78(7):1958-1965.
[39] Glauninger J, Holzner W. Interference between weeds and crops:A review of literature[J]. Biology and Ecology of Weeds, 1982,2:149-159.
[40] Caldwell M M, Dawson T E, Richards J H. Hydraulic lift:consequences of water efflux from the roots of plants[J]. Oecologia, 1998,113(2):151-161.

相似文献/References:

[1]史彦江,宋锋惠,罗青红,等.伊犁河流域油葵种植地产流产沙试验研究[J].水土保持研究,2011,18(02):40.
　SHI Yan-jiang,SONG Feng-hui,LUO Qing-hong,et al.Experimental Study on Generation of Runoff and Sediment on the Slope Grown Oil Sunflower in Ili River Basin[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2011,18(06):40.
[2]苏嫄,焦菊英,马祥华.黄土丘陵沟壑区主要群落地上生物量季节变化及其与土壤水分的关系[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(06):7.
　SU Yuan,JIAO Ju-ying,MA Xiang-hua.Seasonal Variation of Aboveground Biomass of Main Plant Communities and Its Relationship with Soil Moisture in the Hill-gully Loess Plateau[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(06):7.
[3]王巧利,贾燕锋,王宁,等.黄土丘陵沟壑区自然恢复坡面植物根系的分布特征[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(05):16.
　WANG Qiao-li,JIA Yan-feng,WANG Ning,et al.Distribution of Root on Vegetation Recovery Slope in the Hilly and Gully Loess Plateau[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(06):16.
[4]许浩,蒋齐,潘占兵,等.黄土丘陵区降雨、土壤水分和苗木成活率的关系[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(05):202.
　XU Hao,JIANG Qi,PAN Zhan-bing,et al.Relationship of Rainfall, Soil Moisture and Seedling Survival Rate in Loess Hilly Region[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(06):202.
[5]邝高明,朱清科,刘中奇,等.黄土丘陵沟壑区微地形对土壤水分及生物量的影响[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(03):74.
　KUANG Gao-ming,ZHU Qing-ke,LIU Zhong-qi,et al.Effect of Microrelief on the Soil Water and Vegetation Arrangement in Loess Hilly and Gully Region[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(06):74.
[6]鲁瑞洁,唐清亮,桑艳礼,等.青海湖克土沙区不同类型沙丘土壤水分的动态变化[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(02):111.
　LU Rui-jie,TANG Qing-liang,SANG Yan-li,et al.Dynamic Changes of Soil Moisture in Different Dunes of Ketu Sand Land in Qinghai Lake Basin[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(06):111.
[7]展秀丽,严平,王宁,等.青海湖防沙工程措施区土壤水分及入渗特征初步研究[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(01):33.
　ZHAN Xiu-li,YAN Ping,WANG Ning,et al.Preliminary Study on Soil Water and Permeability Characteristics of Desertification Combating Areas Exerted by Engineering Measures around Qinghai Lake[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(06):33.
[8]邵明安,陈志雄.SPAC中的水分运动[J].水土保持研究,1991,(01):3.
　Shao Mingan,Chen Zhixiong.WATER MOVEMENT IN SPAC[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,1991,(06):3.
[9]刘向东,吴钦孝,赵鸿雁,等.黄土丘陵区油松人工林和山杨林林冠对降水的再分配及其对土壤水分的影响[J].水土保持研究,1991,(02):9.
　Liu Xiangdong,Wu Qinxiao,Zhao Hongyan,et al.REDISTRIBUTION OF PRECIPITATION BY CANOPIES OF ARTIFICIAL CHINESE PINES AND MOUNTAIN POPLARS AND ITS INFLUENCE ON SOIL MOISTURE IN LOESS HILLY REGION[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,1991,(06):9.
[10]杨新民,杨文治,马玉玺.纸坊沟流域人工刺槐林生长状况与土壤水分条件研究[J].水土保持研究,1994,1(03):31.
　Yang Xinmin,Yang Wenzhi,Ma Yuxi.Study on the condition growing of the man-made Locust Woodland and moisture eco-environment in the small watershed of Zhifanggou[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,1994,1(06):31.

备注/Memo

收稿日期:2016-03-23;改回日期:2016-04-05。
基金项目:国家自然科学基金“黄土丘陵区植物竞争对土壤水分变化的响应”项目（41271526）
作者简介:高艳(1989-),女,山西吕梁人,硕士研究生,研究方向:植物生态。E-mail:gaoyan923329@126.com
通讯作者:杜峰(1971-),男,博士,内蒙古乌兰察布人,副研究员,主要从事群落、种群生态及植被恢复生态研究。E-mail:dufeng@ms.iswc.ac.cn

更新日期/Last Update: 1900-01-01