FENG Jianmin,GUO Lingxia,LI Xiaohua.Analysis of Ecological Vulnerability in Yuyang District Based on Landscape Pattern[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,23(06):179-184.
基于景观格局的榆阳区生态脆弱性评价
- Title:
- Analysis of Ecological Vulnerability in Yuyang District Based on Landscape Pattern
- Keywords:
- landscape pattern; ecological vulnerability; Yuyang District
- 分类号:
- X826
- 摘要:
- 为了定量评价榆阳区生态脆弱性的空间差异，为区域土地利用规划和环境保护提供依据，选取景观分维数、破碎度、连通性和优势度4个景观格局指数，以及人类活动干扰强度、地形指数、景观与荒地的邻接度，从生态系统压力度、敏感性和恢复力3个方面出发构建生态系统脆弱度评价模型，对榆阳区主要的生态系统及各乡镇的生态脆弱性进行了综合定量的分析和评价。结果表明：各生态系统中，水体的生态脆弱性最高，为0.319 3，草地和林地次之，分别为0.095 9，0.068 4，耕地最低，为0.047 4；24个乡镇中，小纪汗乡、榆阳镇、鱼河镇和鱼河峁镇最高，分别为0.056 6，0.058 8，0.057 5，0.059 9，岔河则乡最低，为0.019 8；空间上，生态脆弱性由中部向东、西两个方向逐渐减弱；从区域上来看，生态脆弱性南部黄土丘陵沟壑区>中部过渡区>风沙草滩区；景观分布格局，地形，矿区、居民点等人为干扰是影响生态脆弱性空间分异的主要原因。
- Abstract:
- In order to quantitatively assess the spatial difference of ecological vulnerability in the Yuyang District of Northern Shaanxi Province, and provide a support for land use planning and environmental projection, an assessment index system was developed from the aspects of ecological supporting pressure, ecosystem sensitivity, and ecological resilience by using landscape fractal dimension, fragmentation, dominance, connectivity, human disturbance intensity, adjacency degrees of landscape with wasteland and topographic index. Then according to the distribution characteristics of rural landscape, the map of ecological vulnerability distribution was made, and spatial difference of the ecological vulnerability was analyzed and assessed. The results showed that:(1) among the various types of ecosystems, water body had the highest ecological vulnerability, followed by the grassland and woodland, while the farmland had the lowest one, with the values of 0.319 3, 0.095 9, 0.068 4 and 0.047 4, respectively; (2) among the entire 24 towns, Xiaojihan, Yuyang, Yuhe and Yuhemao had the highest ecological vulnerability, while Chaheze had the lowest one, with the values of 0.056 6, 0.058 8, 0.057 5, 0.059 9 and 0.019 8, respectively; (3) ecological vulnerability appeared gradually weakening trend from central section to east and west. In the three landform patterns, the southern loess hilly-gully region had the highest ecological vulnerability, followed by the central transition area and northern wind-sandy grass shoal area. The dominant factors affecting the spatial pattern of the regional ecological vulnerability were land use pattern and topography, whereas the major factors inducing spatial heterogeneity of ecological vulnerability were human disturbances such as mining and settlement. In the following land resources exploitation and utilization, more attention should be paid to reduce the disturbance of human activities on the ecological systems, and protect landscape with high vulnerability such as woodland and grassland, thus reduce the vulnerability of the regional ecosystem.
参考文献/References:
[1] 邱彭华,徐颂军,谢跟踪,等.基于景观格局和生态敏感性的海南西部地区生态脆弱性分析[J].生态学报,2007,27(4):1257-1264.
[2] 刘晶,刘学录,侯莉敏.祁连山东段山地景观格局变化及其生态脆弱性分析[J].干旱区地理,2012,35(5):795-805.
[3] Tixier J, Dandrieux A, Dusserre G, et al. Environmental vulnerability assessment in the vicinity of an industrial site in the frame of ARAMIS European project[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2006,130(3):251-264.
[4] 吴健生,宗敏丽,彭建.基于景观格局的矿区生态脆弱性评价:以吉林省辽源市为例[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(12):3213-3220.
[5] 张笑楠,王克林,张伟,等.桂西北喀斯特区域生态环境脆弱性[J].生态学报,2009,29(2):749-757.
[6] Birkmann J, Tetzlaff G, Zentel K O. Measuring vulnerability to natural hazards:towards disaster resilient societies[M]. New York:United Nations University, 2006.
[7] He L I, Pingyu Z.全球变化背景下脆弱性研究进展与应用展望[J].地理科学进展,2011,30(7):920-929.
[8] 喻鸥,阎建忠,张镱锂.区域气候变化脆弱性综合评估研究进展[J].地理科学进展,2011,30(1):27-34.
[9] 石青,陆兆华,梁震,等.神东矿区生态环境脆弱性评估[J].中国水土保持,2007(8):24-26.
[10] 顾康康,刘景双,王洋,等.辽中地区矿业城市生态系统脆弱性研究[J].地理科学,2008,28(6):759-764.
[11] 卢远,苏文静,华璀.基于景观格局和生态敏感性的左江流域生态脆弱性分析[J].水土保持研究,2011,18(3):78-82.
[12] 孙平军,修春亮.基于PSE模型的矿业城市经济发展脆弱性研究[J].地理研究,2011,30(2):301-310.
[13] 陈百明,周小萍.《土地利用现状分类》国家标准的解读[J].自然资源学报,2007,22(6):994-1003.
[14] 封建民,郭玲霞,李晓华.基于景观格局的陕北资源富集区生态脆弱性评价:以陕西省神木县为例[J].水土保持通报,2015,35(4):271-276.
[15] 曹运江,宋伟,冯少真,等.贵州广致煤矿矿山环境影响范围与程度界定研究[J].湖南科技大学学报:自然科学版,2010,25(3):36-41.
[16] 贾艳红,赵军,南忠仁,等.基于熵权法的草原生态安全评价:以甘肃牧区为例[J].生态学杂志,2006,25(8):1003-1008.
[17] 孙平军,修春亮,王忠芝.基于PSE模型的矿业城市生态脆弱性的变化研究:以辽宁阜新为例[J].经济地理,2010,30(8):1354-1359.
[18] 黄莹,包安明,刘海隆,等.基于景观格局的新疆生态脆弱性综合评价研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2009,27(3):261-266.
相似文献/References:
[1]王兮之,索安宁,洪军,等.泾河典型流域水沙变化及其景观格局分析[J].水土保持研究,2006,13(04):260.
WANG Xi-zhi,SUO An-ning,HONG Jun,et al.Analysis of Runoff and Sediment Variation and Landscape Pattern of Typical Watersheds in Jinghe Basin[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2006,13(06):260.
[2]付梦娣,妙旭华,全占军,等.庆阳市土地利用变化的景观生态效应研究[J].水土保持研究,2014,21(06):240.
FU Meng-di,MIAO Xu-hua,QUAN Zhan-jun,et al.Land Use Change and Its Ecological Effect in Qingyang City of Gansu Province[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2014,21(06):240.
[3]陈杰,杨太保,何毅.石羊河下游民勤土地利用及景观格局动态分析[J].水土保持研究,2014,21(06):251.
CHEN Jie,YANG Tai-bao,HE Yi.Analysis on Dynamic Characteristics of Landscape Patterns in Minqin of Shiyang River Downstream[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2014,21(06):251.
[4]范庆亚,吴国平,马庆申,等.基于GIS的临沂市土地利用景观格局梯度分析[J].水土保持研究,2013,20(06):230.
FAN Qing-ya,WU Guo-ping,MA Qing-shen,et al.GIS-Based Gradient Analysis on Landscape Pattern of Land Use in Linyi City[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2013,20(06):230.
[5]刘旭辉,余新晓,赵阳.北京山区典型小流域景观格局变化对径流的影响[J].水土保持研究,2013,20(05):39.
LIU Xu-hui,YU Xin-xiao,ZHAO Yang.Impact of Landscape Pattern on Runoff in Small Watershed of Beijing Mountainous Region[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2013,20(06):39.
[6]楚纯洁,安春华.平顶山市土地利用景观格局及其稳定性分析[J].水土保持研究,2011,18(01):224.
CHU Chun-jie,AN Chun-hua.Analysis on the Landscape Pattern of Land Use and Its Stability in Pingdingshan City[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2011,18(06):224.
[7]钱者东,蒋明康,刘鲁君,等.陕北榆神矿区景观变化及其驱动力分析[J].水土保持研究,2011,18(02):90.
QIAN Zhe-dong,JIANG Ming-kang,LIU Lu-jun,et al.Variation of Landscape of Yushen Mining Area and Its Driving Forces[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2011,18(06):90.
[8]白林波,白明生,贾科利.银川市景观格局动态变化研究[J].水土保持研究,2011,18(02):265.
BAI Lin-bo,BAI Ming-sheng,JIA Ke-li.Study on Dynamic Changes of Landscape Patterns in Yinchuan City[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2011,18(06):265.
[9]汤庆新,刘子亭,周万村.五十年来龙河流域景观格局变化分析研究[J].水土保持研究,2011,18(03):48.
TANG Qing-xin,LIU Zhi-ting,ZHOU Wan-cun.Research on the Changes of Landscape Pattern over the Last Five Decades in Watershed of Longhe River[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2011,18(06):48.
[10]佟艳,樊良新,马君丽,等.焦作市绿地系统景观格局分析[J].水土保持研究,2011,18(03):61.
TONG Yan,FAN Liang-xin,MA Jun-li,et al.Analysis of the Landscape Pattern of Green Space System in Jiaozuo City[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2011,18(06):61.
[11]卢远,苏文静,华璀.基于景观格局和生态敏感性的左江流域生态脆弱性分析[J].水土保持研究,2011,18(03):78.
LU Yuan,SU Wen-jing,HUA Cui.Analysis of Ecological Vulnerability in Zuojiang River Basin Based on Landscape Pattern and Ecosystem Sensitivity[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2011,18(06):78.
备注/Memo
收稿日期:2015-06-05;改回日期:2015-12-30。
基金项目:国家自然科学基金（41261040，41661042）；陕西省普通高等学校优势学科建设项目—历史地理学（0602）；陕西省教育厅专项科研计划项目（15JK1785）；咸阳师范学院科研计划项目（13XSYK030）
作者简介:封建民(1972-),男,陕西省凤翔县人,博士,副教授,研究方向为环境遥感与土地利用。E-mail:feng_jianmin@aliyun.com