NI Yuqiong,CAO Fangqin,ZHONG Fangfang.Effects of Different Planting Modes on Rice Yield and Economic Benefits of Qiandongnan[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,23(03):348-353.
不同播种方式对黔东南水稻产量和经济效益的影响
- Title:
- Effects of Different Planting Modes on Rice Yield and Economic Benefits of Qiandongnan
- Keywords:
- rice; planting modes; yield; economic benefits
- 分类号:
- S511
- 摘要:
- 以金优527水稻为试验材料，设置了机插、手栽和直播探究播种方式对黔东南地区水稻产量和经济效益的影响。结果表明：（1）单位面积基本苗数、有效穗数、高峰苗数依次表现为：直播 > 机插 > 手栽，单位面积成穗率依次表现为：机插 > 手栽 > 直播；（2）直播水稻全育期天数较短（139 d），分别比手栽（159 d）和机插（154 d）全育天数少20 d和15 d，而手栽和机插水稻生育期天数差异并不大，说明直播水稻比手栽和机插生育期天数显著缩短；（3）有效穗粒数依次表现为：直播 > 机插 > 手栽，每粒穗数依次表现为：手栽 > 机插 > 直播，结实率依次表现为：机插 > 手栽 > 直播，3者的差异均不显著（p > 0.05），千粒质量依次表现为：机插 > 手栽 > 直播，实际产量和理论产量依次表现为：直播 > 手栽 > 机插；（4）不同播种方式水稻经济成本以直播水稻最低（8 198元/hm2），手栽水稻最高（9 860元/hm2），与手栽和机插方式相比，直播水稻分别比手栽和机插下降了20.27%和4.17%；水稻收益依次表现为：机插 > 直播 > 手栽，直播和机插水稻收益分别高出手栽795，1 416元/hm2。综上可知，机械的介入一方面使生产成本大幅度降低，另一方面使产量有所提高，为水稻生产带来更大的经济效益。
- Abstract:
- In order to investigate the effect of different planting modes on Qiandongnan rice yield and economic benefits, a gold 527 rice was studied under the planting modes of direct seeding, manual transplanting and mechanical transplanting in Guizhou Qiandongnan area. The results are as follows. (1) The number of seedling, number of productive ear and peak seeding decreased in the order: direct seeding > mechanical transplanting > manual transplanting and percentage of earbearing tiller decreased in the sequence: manual transplanting > mechanical transplanting > direct seeding. (2) In complete fertility period, the days of direct seeding(139 d) was less than manual transplanting(159 d) and mechanical transplanting(154 d), while mechanical transplanting and manual transplanting had no significantly difference(p < 0.05). (3) The number of effective ear rice decreased in the order: direct seeding > mechanical transplanting > manual transplanting, each rice panicle decreased in the order: manual transplanting > mechanical transplanting > direct seeding, setting percentage and thousand-seed mass decreased in the sequence: mechanical transplanting > manual transplanting > direct seeding, the practical production and theoretical production decreased in the order: direct seeding > manual transplanting > mechanical transplanting. (4) The economic costs of direct seeding rice was the lowest (8 198 RMB/hm2) and the economic costs of manual transplanting rice was the highest (9 860 RMB/hm2), which decreased by 20.27% and 4.17% compared with manual transplanting and mechanical transplanting, and economic benefits decreased in the sequence: mechanical transplanting > direct seeding > manual transplanting, manual transplanting, economic benefits of mechanical transplanting and direct seeding increased by 795 RMB/hm2 and 1 416 RMB/hm2 compared with manual transplanting. In conclusion, machinery could make the production cost greatly reduce, on the other hand, it improved the yield and resulted in the higher economic benefits for rice production.
参考文献/References:
[1] 李文兵.长期不同施肥处理对直播稻田生态系统中氮磷影响研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2008.
[2] 焦隽.江苏省农村主要污染源氮磷污染负荷区域评价及控制对策[D].南京:南京农业大学,2008.
[3] 赖力,黄贤金,王辉,等.中国化肥施用的环境成本估算[J].土壤学报,2009,46(1):63-69.
[4] 费频频,杨京平.杭嘉湖水网平原村域水环境污染及其负荷分析[J].环境科学与技术,2011,34(4):104-109.
[5] Duan N, Liu X D, Dai J, et al. Evaluating the environmental impacts of an urban wetland park based on emergy accounting and life cycle assessment:A case study in Beijing[J]. Ecological Modelling,2011,222(2):351-359.
[6] 张彪,董敦义,张灿强,等.太湖流域安吉县森林控制土壤侵蚀及养分流失的效益评估[J].水土保持研究,2011,18(6):111-114.
[7] 吴磊.三峡库区典型区域氮、磷和农药非点源污染物随水文过程的迁移转化及其归趋研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2012.
[8] 庄钠.引入环境成本的化肥最经济投入量研究:基于江苏水稻种植化肥投入量的实证分析[D].南京:南京农业大学,2012.
[9] 郭翔,杜蕴慧,刘孝富,等.东江湖流域农业面源污染负荷研究[J].环境工程技术学报,2013(4):350-357.
[10] 唐佐芯,王克勤,李秋芳,等.等高反坡阶对坡耕地产流产沙和氮磷迁移的作用研究[J].水土保持研究,2013,20(1):1-8.
[11] 冯洋,郭成久,李勇,等.不同水土保持措施对黑土区坡耕地氮、磷流失的影响[J].水土保持研究,2014,21(3):47-50.
[12] 何聪,刘璐嘉,王苏胜,等.不同宽度草皮缓冲带对农田径流氮磷去除效果研究[J].水土保持研究,2014,21(4):55-58.
[13] 夏小江.太湖地区稻田氮磷养分径流流失及控制技术研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2012.
[14] 席运官,陈瑞冰,徐欣,等.太湖地区麦季氮磷径流流失规律与控制对策研究[J].江西农业学报,2010,22(5):106-109.
[15] 蒋孝松,刘彩玲,隋标,等.太湖流域稻麦轮作体系施肥现状分析与对策[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(15):15-18.
[16] 焦隽,李慧,冯其谱,等.江苏省内陆水产养殖非点源污染负荷评价及控制对策[J].江苏农业科学,2007(6):340-343.
[17] 戴修赢.苏州地区七种养殖池塘水质及其氮、磷收支研究[D].江苏苏州:苏州大学,2010.
[18] 陈荷生,华瑶青.太湖流域非点源污染控制和治理的思考[J].水资源保护,2004,20(1):33-36.
相似文献/References:
[1]朱雪梅,林立金,杨远祥,等.锌铬复合胁迫对水稻植株碳氮代谢的影响[J].水土保持研究,2008,15(05):149.
ZHU Xue-mei,LIN Li-jin,YANG Yuan-xiang,et al.Effects of Compound Stresses of Zn and Cr on Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolisms of Rice Plant[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2008,15(03):149.
[2]王义炳,孙进,王少华.水稻间歇灌溉技术的探讨[J].水土保持研究,1996,3(03):108.
Wang Yibing,Sun Jin,Wang Shaohua.Research on the Intermittent Irrigation in Rice Fields[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,1996,3(03):108.
[3]陈志刚,刘龙梅,陈蕾,等.水分调控对水稻根际土壤反硝化作用的影响[J].水土保持研究,2015,22(05):133.
CHEN Zhigang,LIU Longmei,CHEN Lei,et al.Effects of Three Different Irrigation Cultivated Modes on Soil Denitrification of Rice Rhizosphere[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2015,22(03):133.
[4]王保君,金海刚,张红梅,等.浙北地区秸秆全量还田下氮肥用量对单季晚粳稻生长和土壤养分、碳库的影响[J].水土保持研究,2021,28(02):60.
WANG Baojun,JIN Haigang,ZHANG Hongmei,et al.Effects of Nitrogen Application on Late Single Season Japonica Rice Growth, Soil Nutrient and Carbon Pool Under Full Straw Returning in Northern Zhejiang Province[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2021,28(03):60.
备注/Memo
收稿日期:2015-04-11;改回日期:2015-05-28。
作者简介:倪玉琼(1969-),女,土家族,贵州岑巩人,高级农艺师,主要从事农业技术推广工作。E-mail:155061712@qq.com