LI Baojie,ZHU Jiang,CHEN Shaoxiang,et al.Potential Threats and Influence Factors to Soil Biodiversity in Changing Environment[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2015,22(06):354-360.
变化环境下土壤生物多样性潜在威胁与影响因素
- Title:
- Potential Threats and Influence Factors to Soil Biodiversity in Changing Environment
- Keywords:
- soil biota; biodiversity; review; land use change; soil pollution
- 分类号:
- P934;X176
- 摘要:
- 作为地球上生物最为丰富的生境，土壤生态系统具有高度的生物多样性，并与地上生态系统有着密切联系。随着经济快速发展，人为干扰日益严重，土壤生物多样性遭受严重威胁，在物种大量灭绝及对土壤生物多样性总体认识相对局限的双重背景下，有效保护土壤生物多样性迫在眉睫。首先，提出了土壤生物多样性的威胁框架，并详述了土地利用变化、农业管理措施、土壤退化、转基因作物、外来植物入侵五大威胁因素在生态系统，物种，基因三个尺度下的不同作用过程。其次，阐明了各威胁因素对土壤生物多样性的具体影响及其驱动机制。最后指出，尽管人们对于上述威胁因素的研究已经有了部分成果，但对于研究各威胁因素在不同尺度下的影响，明确因素间相互作用方式及贡献程度，进行土壤生物多样性威胁的空间精细化制图等方面还面临着巨大挑战。分析土壤生物多样性潜在威胁能够为实现对其综合定量评估、保护土壤生物多样性以及城市规划等提供有力依据。
- Abstract:
- As the most abundant biological habitat on the planet, soil ecosystem has the greatest biodiversity, and closely associated with the above-ground ecosystem. Along with the rapid economic development, disturbance by humans has become increasingly serious, and the soil biodiversity suffered significant threat. Under the background of mass extinction and the limit knowledge of soil biodiversity, it is extremely urgent for human to protect the soil biodiversity. First, we proposed a framework of threats to soil biodiversity, and analyzed the influence processes of five kinds of threats (land-use change, agricultural management, soil degradation, transgenic plants and invasive plants) to soil biodiversity at ecosystem, species and gene scales. Then, we deeply discussed the specific influence and mechanism of each threat to soil biodiversity. Finally, although researchers got some achievements about the threats to soil biodiversity, we still face lots of challenges, including the influence of specific threat to soil biodiversity at different scales, interactions and contributions among different threats to soil biodiversity, spatial explicit mapping of threats to soil biodiversity. Analysis on the potential threats to soil biodiversity can provide important information for protecting soil biodiversity, quantitative evaluation of potential threats to soil biodiversity, and urban planning.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2014-12-09;改回日期:2014-12-25。
基金项目:江苏省国土资源科技项目“新型城镇化下江苏沿海地区土地生态响应与保护区划研究”（201336）
作者简介:李保杰(1991-),男,河北邢台人,硕士研究生,主要从事土壤生物多样性研究。E-mail:lbjie1314@126.com
通讯作者:吴绍华(1980-)男,浙江庆元人,副教授,主要从事土壤生态及土地资源管理。E-mail:wsh@nju.edu.cn