SHEN Hong,ZHANG Wan-shun,PENG Hong.Research on Soil Erosion and Particulate Phosphorus Load of Non-Point Source Pollution in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Hanjiang River Basin[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2010,17(05):1-6.
汉江中下游土壤侵蚀及颗粒态非点源磷负荷研究
- Title:
- Research on Soil Erosion and Particulate Phosphorus Load of Non-Point Source Pollution in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Hanjiang River Basin
- Keywords:
- GIS; USLE equation; soil erosion; particulate phosphorus load of non-point source pollution; the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River
- 分类号:
- S157;X522
- 摘要:
- 以汉江中下游为研究区，考虑流域内部地理要素和时空过程的异质性，划分子流域作为基本的响应单元，利用2007年Landsat TM影像、DEM、土壤、气象和社会经济数据等，建立了流域基础数据库。在此基础上运用ArcGIS 9.2和Erdas 9.2计算得到流域降雨侵蚀力因子R，土壤可蚀性因子K，坡度坡长因子LS，经营管理因子C，水土保持因子P等，采用USLE和颗粒态非点源负荷经验方程，分别探讨了汉江中下游土壤侵蚀及非点源磷负荷的空间分布特征。结果表明：汉江中下游土壤的侵蚀模数为867.55 t/（km2·a），属于轻度侵蚀，但依然有5.69%的区域侵蚀模数大于2 500 t/（km2·a）。流域内由于土壤侵蚀导致的颗粒态非点源磷负荷流失量达8 496.79 t/a，其中南河、唐白河、蛮河等支流的非点源流失状况最为严重，最高单位负荷量可达8.42 kg/（hm2·a）。非点源负荷产生的关键源区主要分布在神农架林区、房县、保康等山地丘陵以及南阳盆地等农业生产区，因此增加植被郁闭度，控制坡地耕作，科学施肥，防止水土流失对于控制非点源污染有着重要意义。
- Abstract:
- Taking the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River basin as a case, considering the spatial heterogeneity within the watershed, we divided the study basin into sub-basin and regarded them as the basic units in the physical and chemical process. The Landsat TM images of 2007, DEM, soil data, meteorological data, hydrological data, as well as socio-economic data were used to construct the environment database. On this basis, ArcGIS 9.2 and Erdas 9.2 were used to calculate the rainfall erosivity factor, the soil erodibility factor, the terrain factor, the management factor as well as the conservation factor. Moreover, the USLE model and load export empirical equation were introduced to calculate the distribution of soil erosion and the phosphorus mean load. The results showed that the modulus of soil erosion was as high as 867.55 t/(km2·a), however, there was still 5.69% of the study area whose erosion modulus was greater than 2 500 t/(km2·a), as a result, the phosphorus load of non-point source pollution was up to 8 496.79 t/a. And the Nan River, Tangbai River, Man River had the most serious situation in soil erosion, the maximum unit load of them were up to 8.42 kg/(hm2·a). What’s more, Shenlongjia forest, Xiangfan and Baokang were the critical source areas of non-point source pollution. As a result, we could find that controlling the slope farming and reasonable fertilization were effective measures to reduce the non-point source pollution.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2010-4-27;改回日期:2006-2-23。
基金项目:流域水生态功能分区与质量目标与示范项目（2008ZX07526-004-003）
作者简介:沈虹（1987- ），女，硕士研究生，主要从事景观生态、土地利用的学习与研究。E-mail：shboy815@gmail.com
通讯作者:张万顺（1965- ），男，教授，博导，主要从事环境管理与规划教学与研究。E-mail：wszhang@whu.edu.cn