XU Li,XIE Yun,FU Su-hua,et al.Simple Method of Estimating Rainfall Erosivity Under Different Rainfall Amount of Beijing[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2007,14(06):398-402.
北京地区降雨侵蚀力简易计算方法研究
- Title:
- Simple Method of Estimating Rainfall Erosivity Under Different Rainfall Amount of Beijing
- Keywords:
- rainfall erosivity; rainfall amount; soil erosion; Beijing
- 分类号:
- S157.1
- 摘要:
- 降雨侵蚀力反映降雨对土壤侵蚀影响的潜在能力。降雨侵蚀力经典算法所需的降雨过程资料较难获得，一般利用各种类型雨量资料建立降雨侵蚀力的简易算法，为模型的参数输入服务。利用北京10个水文站25年2 894次降雨过程资料。其中5个站点用于建立日、月、年降雨侵蚀力简易计算公式，另外5个站点用于模型检验。研究结果表明，不同类型雨量资料估算降雨侵蚀力的精度不同，用日或月雨量资料直接估算日或月降雨侵蚀力时，模型的误差较大。用日、月或年雨量估算年降雨侵蚀力时，模型的误差较小，约有一半的样本相对误差绝对值小于20%，3个模型相比，日雨量模型估算的平均相对误差最小。用日、月或年雨量估算多年平均年降雨侵蚀力时，模型的误差最小，所有样本的相对误差绝对值均小于20%，平均相对误差绝对值最小值只有0.8%，最大值小于7%，3个模型相比，日雨量模型的估算精度最高。因此在具体应用过程中可以根据资料的占有情况来决定相应的降雨侵蚀力估算模型。本研究结果可以为北京地区土壤侵蚀量估算和水土资源评价提供参数服务。
- Abstract:
- Rainfall erosivity can quantify the effect of raindrop impact and can also reflect the amount and rate of runoff likely to be associated with the rain.It is an important parameter in USLE and RUSLE.The value of rainfall erosivity for a given rainstorm equals the product of total storm energy (E) times the maximum 30-min intensity (I30).It requires the continuous record of rainfall data.But the continuous record of rainfall data is difficult to obtain.Researchers developed other equations instead of the rainfall kinetic energy.In this study data of 2 894 rainfall events in 25 years in 10 hydrology gauge stations were used.Data of 5 stations were used to develop empirical equations of rainfall erosivity, and the other data were used to test model.The precision estimating rainfall erosivity is different with various rainfall data.The absolute relative error of daily rainfall erosivity and monthly rainfall erosivity estimated by the daily rainfall erosivity model and monthly rainfall erosivity model is very high.The errors of the annual and average annual rainfall erosivity estimated by the three models are low, and absolute relative errors about half of data are less than 20%.In three models, the average relative error of annual erosivity estimated by daily rainfall model is the lowest.Absolute relative errors of estimating the average annual rainfall erosivity estimated by the three models are less than 20%, the lowest one is 0.8%, the highest is less than 7%.So the daily rainfall erosivity model is more accurate than the other two models on estimating annual rainfall erosivity and average annual rainfall erosivity.The results can be served as predicting soil loss and evaluating soil and water resources.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2007-1-18。
基金项目:国家重点基础研究发展规划项目（2007CB407204）；北京自然科学基金项目（8072016）；北京市科技项目（D0704004040191）
作者简介:徐丽（1981- ），女，山东青岛人，硕士研究生，主要从事土壤侵蚀研究。
通讯作者:符素华