Zhu Xianmo.On the Renaissance Way of Soil Science in China─Present to Workers of Soil Geography[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,1994,1(01):1-10.
中国土壤科学复兴之道──献给我国土壤地理工作者
- Title:
- On the Renaissance Way of Soil Science in China─Present to Workers of Soil Geography
- Keywords:
- earth; soil; soil formation process; geological cycle; bio-cycle
- 分类号:
- S157
- 摘要:
- 本文对整个土壤形成过程中“风化过程和成壤过程同时同地进行”的理论，作了新的补充；并在明确其局限性的基础上，针对这二个过程的实质，结合我国主要土壤的发生演变及其地理分布规律进行了总结研究以后，发现当前土壤工作中出现一些不容忽视的缺陷。其中较为重大的有：（1）在对待具体土壤性征尤其诊断层（diagnostic horiron）时，强调“统一形成”有余，而对“生物小循环”仅仅是在“地质大循环”轨道中某一比较稳定环节上，在有限深度内进行的实质考虑不够；（2）对于生物小循环中植物对营养元素的选择性吸收和以有机质、植物残体与腐殖质状态的积累和腐殖质作为“一个自然体的土壤”的基本特征等比较重视，而对矿质元素的生物反馈、淋溶迁移、生物成矿尤其粘土矿物的生物起源等有所忽视；（3）在进行土壤理化试验研究，尤其模拟实验时常将土（earth）代壤（soil）。促使研究工作背离实际，难于反映本质和满足生产需要。当前我国土壤地理工作面临的抉择是：要么“穿新鞋走老路”；要么改弦易辙，在充分发扬我国古代紧密联系生产实际的优良传统的基础上，善于吸取国外先进经验，尤其现代先进技术，在充分发挥我国土壤资源丰富和对土壤耕作培肥经验等优势，以及在土壤形成过程中对生物小循环新认识的优势，尤其黄土高原特有土壤形成过程研究成果的优势，并以建立一个既有我国特色、紧密联系生产，又能定量化、标准化并便于国际交流和有助于正确探索全球环境变迁的土壤系统分类制为突破口，把我国土壤科学的水平不断推向前进。
- Abstract:
- In all soil formation processes,it is new replenishment of theory:"weathering process and loamifiction process are in progress at the same place and time". And on the basis of definiting local limitation, according to these two process essence,combining with summarizing genesis andevoluation of main soil types and their geographic distribution law, it has been found that present soil work appears some drnwbnck of tolerating not neglecting, including 1).as treated certain soil characteristics. especially diagnostic horizon. united formation has beed overemphnsized.but "biocycle" is only at certnin steady link of "geological cycle" track.and advanced essence of limited depth is not better considered. 2).selecting absorbtion of plant absorbting nutrient and organic matter.plant residue and accumulation of humuS conditions,and basic characteristics of htlmus being taked as a natural soil are paid attention. However.bio feedback of mineral elements.leaching and transference, organisim forming mineral. especially clay mineral origination etc.have been neglected. 3).In the test research of soil physics and chemistry. especially simtllated experiment, the earth always replaces soil. All this promote that research work departs from practice.it is hard to reflect to the essence and to meet production needs.Facing choice for present soil geography workers is thats put on new shoes and walk old roads" or change olle’s cotlrse. On the basis of full developing the fine tradition if Chillese ancient being closely integrated with prodtlction practice. the soil geography workers are good at absorbing in foreigll advanced experiellce.especially modern advancd technique. It is fully developed that superiorities of rich soil resoLlrces in China and experiehces of soil Cultivation and fertiizing. and superiority of recogn lug bio cycle occupying a position in soil formation. Especinlly superiorities of research achieven nt in special soil formation process on loess plateau.it is taken as a breach that not only estnblishment bus Chinese distinguishing fenture.closely integrates With practice. but also it is qunlltitntive qtnlldnrdized and collveniellt at international exchange and it is useful to correct and find out soil clnssificntion systems of globle environment change,the level of chinese soil sciellce gradually curries forword.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:1993-10-10;改回日期:。