AI Jianwei,GAO Zhaoliang,LOU Yongcai,et al.Effects of Sediment Concentration on Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Runoff on High and Steep Slope[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2023,30(04):75-82.[doi:10.13869/j.cnki.rswc.2023.04.016.]
含沙量对高陡边坡径流水动力学特性的影响
- Title:
- Effects of Sediment Concentration on Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Runoff on High and Steep Slope
- 文章编号:
- 1005-3409(2023)04-0075-08
- 分类号:
- S157.1
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- [目的]揭示含沙量对高陡边坡水动力学特性的影响,为高陡边坡土壤侵蚀机理模型精度的提升提供理论支撑。[方法]设定3个含沙梯度(0,4%,8%)和3个放水梯度(12,16,20 L/min),在36°坡面进行野外径流冲刷试验。[结果] 随着放水流量的增大,平均流速随着含沙量增加而减小的趋势较小,雷诺数Re随着含沙量增加而减小的趋势较明显; 当放水流量为16,20 L/min时,随着含沙量的增加,坡面流态均由紊流向过渡流发展; 弗汝德数Fr随着含沙量的增加而增大,且均大于1,坡面径流流态属于急流。 阻力系数f与雷诺数Re呈极显著幂函数关系(p<0.01),随着含沙量的增加,雷诺数Re对阻力系数f的影响逐渐减弱。 含沙量与平均流速、雷诺数、阻力系数、水流剪切力和水流功率呈极显著负相关关系(p<0.01),相关系数绝对值大小顺序为R(Re)>R(ω)>R(τ)>R(ν)>R(f),雷诺数Re是描述水动力学参数与含沙量关系的最佳参数,含沙量与弗汝德数Fr关系不显著,与雷诺数、水流功率、水流剪切力以及流速间的关系可用二元线性函数表示。[结论]含沙量对高陡边坡水动力学特性具有较大影响,未来应增加坡长、坡度、流体性质等变量进一步研究含沙量与坡面水动力学参数之间的关系,为高陡边坡土壤侵蚀机理模型的建立奠定理论基础。
- Abstract:
- [Objective] The aim of this study is to reveal the influence of sediment concentration on the hydrodynamic characteristics of high and steep slopes, which can provide theoretical support for improving the accuracy of soil erosion mechanism model of high and steep slopes. [Methods] Three sediment concentration gradients(0, 4%, 8%)and three flow rate gradients(12, 16, 20 L/min)were set, the field runoff scouring experiment was carried out on a 36° slope. [Results] With the increase of flow rate, the trend of the average flow velocity decreasing with the increase of sediment concentration is small, and the trend of Reynolds number(Re)decreasing with the increase of sediment concentration is more obvious; when the discharge flow rates are 16 L/min and 20 L/min, with the increase of sediment concentration, the slope flow pattern gradually transforms from turbulence to transition; the Froude number(Fr)increases with the increase of sediment concentration, and is greater than 1, and the slope runoff flow pattern belongs to the supercritical flow. The Darcy-Weisbach resistance coefficient(f)and the Reynolds number(Re)have a very significant power function relationship, and with the increase of the sediment concentration, the influence of the Reynolds number (Re)on the Darcy-Weisbach resistance coefficient(f)is gradually weakened. There is a very significant negative correlation between sediment concentration and average flow velocity, Reynolds number, Darcy-Weisbach(f), runoff power(ω) and runoff shear stress(τ) (p<0.01), and the order of absolute value of correlation coefficient is R(Re)>R(ω)>R(τ)>R(ν)>R(f), the Reynolds number (Re)is the best parameter to describe the relationship between hydrodynamic parameters and sediment concentration, the relationship between sediment concentration and Froude number(Fr)is not significant, but is represented to Reynolds number (Re), runoff power(ω), runoff shear stress(τ), and average flow velocity by a binary linear function. [Conclusion] The sediment concentration has a great impact on the hydrodynamic characteristics of high and steep slopes. In the future, the slope length, slope gradient, fluid properties and other variables should be added to further study the relationship between the sediment concentration and the hydrodynamic parameters of slope surface, laying a theoretical foundation for the establishment of the soil erosion mechanism model of high and steep slopes.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2022-04-01 修回日期:2022-06-05
资助项目:国家重点研发计划项目“沟道径流消能抗冲技术研究”(2016YFC0501706-02)
第一作者:艾建卫(1997—),男,宁夏中卫人,硕士研究生,研究方向为工程建设区土壤侵蚀与水土保持。E-mail:ajw9726@163.com
通信作者:高照良(1969—),男,河南灵宝人,博士,研究员,主要从事农业水土工程和荒漠化防治研究。E-mail:gzl@ms.iswc.ac.cn