MA Yue,HE Hongming,ZHAO Hongfei.Spatiotemporal Change of Soil Erosion in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Based on GIS and RUSLE[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2023,30(03):37-46.[doi:10.13869/j.cnki.rswc.2023.03.023]
基于GIS和RUSLE的甘南州土壤侵蚀时空演变
- Title:
- Spatiotemporal Change of Soil Erosion in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Based on GIS and RUSLE
- 文章编号:
- 1005-3409(2023)03-0037-10
- Keywords:
- soil erosion; RULSE model; GIS analysis; Geographical Detector
- 分类号:
- S157.1
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- [目的]探究甘南州草场退化带来的侵蚀问题,可以把握当地水土流失情况,有利于建设青藏高原生态安全屏障。[方法]通过修正的通用土壤流失方程(RUSLE模型)研究2000年、2010年和2019年甘南州土壤侵蚀时空变化,并基于地理探测器模型分析侵蚀的影响因素。[结果]甘南州侵蚀程度较轻,以微度侵蚀和轻度侵蚀为主,强烈、极强烈、剧烈侵蚀区面积占比虽然较小,但呈现面积扩大、强度增强的趋势。甘南州土壤侵蚀空间差异性较为明显,西部地区土壤侵蚀强度低于东部地区,中度、强烈、极强烈、剧烈侵蚀区域的分布较为相似,呈现出较为明显的聚集状态,卓尼县、迭部县、舟曲县土壤侵蚀强度较高。2000—2019年甘南州87.14%的地区侵蚀等级未发生明显变化,发生转移的区域主要为微度侵蚀和轻度侵蚀,侵蚀等级升高的区域面积高于降低的区域,升高的区域主要分布在玛曲县、碌曲县、夏河县、卓尼县以及迭部县。对甘南州侵蚀空间分异性解释力较强的是土地利用和地形起伏度。退耕还林(草)工程、农牧业活动、城市化推进以及甘南州复杂的地形均对侵蚀有较大的影响,人口密度、坡度、高程、年均降雨量、植被覆盖度与土地利用交互作用时对侵蚀的解释力均呈现明显增强。[结论]甘南州总体侵蚀较轻但局部较强烈且随时间呈现增强的趋势,土地利用变化和地形因素对其影响较大,未来甘南州应重点关注土地利用变化和草场退化问题,做好保护和修复工作,警惕地形复杂的生态风险区的侵蚀恶化风险。
- Abstract:
- [Objective]Exploring the erosion problem caused by grassland degradation in Gannan Prefecture can help understand the local soil and water losses, which is conducive to the construction of ecological security barrier on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. [Methods] This study revealed the temporal and spatial changes of soil erosion in Gannan Prefecture in 2000, 2010 and 2019 based on the RUSLE model, and analyzed the erosion factors of Gannan Prefecture through geographical detector. [Results] The overall degree of erosion in Gannan Prefecture is relatively light, mainly with slight erosion and mild erosion. The areas with strong, extremely strong and severe erosion in Gannan Prefecture are relatively small, but the areas and intensities of these types of erosion show the increasing trend with time. The spatial difference of soil erosion in Gannan Prefecture is obvious, and the soil erosion intensity in the western region is lower than that in the eastern region. The distributions of moderate, strong, very strong, and severe erosion areas are similar, showing a relatively obvious aggregation state. Zhuoni County, Diebu County and Zhouqu County show higher erosion risk than other counties. The erosion grade of 87.14% of Gannan Prefecture did not change from 2000 to 2019, and the transferred areas were mainly mild erosion and mild erosion areas. The areas with increased erosion levels have a higher proportion of area than areas with decreased erosion levels, which mainly distribute in Maqu County, Luqu County, Xiahe County, Zhuoni County and Diebu County. Landuse and topographic undulation are the main factors affecting ecological vulnerability in Gannan Prefecture. The project of returning farmland to forest(grass), agricultural and animal husbandry activities, the advancement of urbanization, and the complex topography of Gannan Prefecture all have the greater impacts on erosion. There is enhancement when landuse acting with population density, slope, elevation, average annual rainfall and vegetation coverage. [Conclusion] The overall erosion in Gannan Prefecture is light, but the local erosion is strong and shows an increasing trend with time. Land use change and topographic factors have the great impacts on the erosion. In the future, more attention should be paid to land use change and grassland degradation, do a good job of protection and restoration should be strengthened, and the erosion deterioration risk in ecological risk areas with complex topography should be be concerned in Gannan Prefecture.
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备注/Memo
收稿日期:2021-05-21 修回日期:2021-05-17
资助项目:国家科技部“第二次青藏高原科学综合考察研究”项目“生态安全屏障功能与优化体系”(SQ2019QZKK2003)
第一作者:马悦(1995—),女,内蒙古巴彦淖尔人,硕士研究生,主要从事土壤侵蚀和生态脆弱性评价研究。E-mail:bscsds118@nwafu.edu.cn
通信作者:何洪鸣(1975—),男,广东兴宁人,博士,研究员,博士生导师,主要从事环境系统数值模拟研究。E-mail:hongming.he@yahoo.com