TONG Shan,CAO Guangchao,ZHANG Zhuo,et al.Analysis of the Spatial and Temporal Changes and Migration Characteristics of Soil Erosion in the South Slope of Qilian Mountain[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2022,29(04):18-27.
祁连山南坡土壤侵蚀时空变化及迁移特征分析
- Title:
- Analysis of the Spatial and Temporal Changes and Migration Characteristics of Soil Erosion in the South Slope of Qilian Mountain
- 文章编号:
- 1005-3409(2022)04-0018-10
- Keywords:
- soil erosion; spatial and temporal change; migration distance; different administrative divisions; main vegetation types
- 分类号:
- S157.1
- 文献标志码:
- A
- 摘要:
- 土壤侵蚀是威胁人类生态环境及社会经济的重要因子。为实现土地资源更加有效的保护与治理,基于RUSLE模型和GIS/RS空间信息技术,分析和讨论了祁连山南坡2000—2019年土壤侵蚀时空变化及土壤侵蚀重心迁移特征。结果表明:祁连山南坡土壤侵蚀模数在空间变化上整体呈现出由西北向东南递减的趋势,土壤侵蚀模数平均值由2000年的1 966.63 t/(km2·a)增加至2005年的3 228.51 t/(km2·a),最后下降至2019年的2 299.06 t/(km2·a); 草地土壤侵蚀量最大,为2.65×107～4.25×107 t/a,虽侵蚀较为严重,但土壤侵蚀重心并未发生较大的迁移,五县中祁连县土壤侵蚀最为严重且重心迁移距离最大,侵蚀量为3.01×107～4.83×107 t/a,共迁移351.89 m,迁移速率为17.59 m/a,说明祁连县土壤侵蚀不稳定,土壤低级侵蚀更容易向高级侵蚀转化; 土地利用类型中冰川迁移最大为367.78 m,迁移速率为18.39 m/a。综合得出,对于土壤侵蚀较轻且重心迁移不大的区域可以采取定点治理,对于祁连县应长时间监测,全力推进祁连县水土保持综合治理工程,缓解水土流失; 相较于其他生态系统,对于草地与林地应加强治理。
- Abstract:
- Soil erosion is an important factor that threatens human ecological environment and social economy. In order to achieve more effective protection and management of land resources, based on the RUSLE model and GIS/RS spatial information technology, we analyzed and discussed the temporal and spatial changes of soil erosion and the migration characteristics of soil erosion gravity center on the southern slope of Qilianshan Mountains from 2000 to 2019. The results show that the soil erosion modulus on the southern slope of Qilianshan Mountain presented a decreasing trend from northwest to southeast in terms of spatial variation; the average soil erosion modulus increased from 1 966.63 t/(km2·a)in 2000 to 3 228.51 t/(km2·a)in 2005, and finally dropped to 2 299.06 t/(km2·a)in 2019; the amount of grassland soil erosion was the largest, which was 2.65×107～4.25×107 t/a, although the erosion was relatively serious, the center of gravity of soil erosion did not move significantly; among the five counties, Qilian County had the most severe soil erosion and the largest migration distance of the center of gravity; the amount of erosion was between 3.01×107 t/a and 4.83×107 t/a, the total migration was 351.89 m, and the migration rate was 17.59 m/a, indicating that soil erosion in Qilian County was unstable, and low-grade soil erosion easily transformed into high-grade erosion; the largest glacier migration in land use types was 367.78 m, the migration rate was 18.39 m/a. It is concluded that fixed-point treatment can be adopted for areas with less soil erosion and little center of gravity migration, and Qilian County should be monitored for a long time, and the comprehensive treatment project of soil and water conservation in Qilian County should be fully promoted to alleviate soil erosion. Compared with other ecological system, the grassland and forestland should be strengthened.
参考文献/References:
[1] 孙鸿烈.我国水土流失问题与防治对策[J].中国水利,2011(6):16.
[2] 方广玲,香宝,赵卫,等.基于GIS和RUSLE的拉萨河流域土壤侵蚀研究[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(3):6-12.
[3] 周佳宁.内蒙古多伦县土壤侵蚀与LUCC的时空耦合关系研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2017.
[4] 蔡崇法,丁树文,史志华,等.应用USLE模型与地理信息系统IDRISI预测小流域土壤侵蚀量的研究[J].水土保持学报,2000,14(2):19-24.
[5] Shi Z H, Cai C F, Ding S W, et al. Soil conservation planning at the small watershed level using RUSLE with GIS: a case study in the Three Gorge Area of China[J]. Catena,2004,55(1); 33-48.
[6] 俱战省,文安邦,严冬春,等.基于GIS和RUSLE的三峡库区小流域土壤侵蚀量估算研究[J].地球与环境,2015,43(3):331-337.
[7] Borrelli P, Marker M, Panagos P, et al. Modeling soil erosion and river sediment yield for an intermountain drainage basin of the Central Apennines, Ttaly [J]. Catena,2014,114:45-48.
[8] 陈峰,李红波.基于GIS和RUSLE的滇南山区土壤侵蚀时空演变:以云南省元阳县为例[J].应用生态学报,2021,32(2):629-637.
[9] 林锦阔.河西地区土壤侵蚀时空分异及其驱动因素[D].兰州:兰州大学,2020.
[10] 康琳琦,周天财,干友民,等.1984—2013年青藏高原土壤侵蚀时空变化特征[J].应用与环境生物学报,2018,24(2):245-253.
[11] 林慧龙,郑舒婷,王雪璐.基于RUSLE模型的三江源高寒草地土壤侵蚀评价[J].草业学报,2017,26(7):11-22.
[12] 夏子书,白一茹,王幼奇,等.基于GIS和随机森林算法的宁东土壤饱和导水率分布与预测[J].水土保持学报,2021,35(1):285-293.
[13] 史广,刘庚,赵龙,等.基于多源环境数据和随机森林模型的农田土壤砷空间分布模拟[J].环境科学学报,2020,40(8):2993-3000.
[14] 郑利林,徐金英,王晓龙,等.基于随机森林方法研究鄱阳湖典型洲滩植被群落分布与表层土壤因子耦合关系[J].土壤,2020,52(2):378-385.
[15] 包青岭,丁建丽,王敬哲,等.基于随机森林算法的土壤有机质含量高光谱检测[J].干旱区地理,2019,42(6):1404-1414.
[16] 卢宏亮,赵明松,刘斌寅,等.基于随机森林模型的安徽省土壤属性空间分布预测[J].土壤,2019,51(3):602-608.
[17] 陈炜林.基于空间计量模型的重庆主城人口重心迁移驱动影响因素研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2019.
[18] 赵珍珍,冯建迪.1980—2016年科尔沁沙地土地利用重心的时空迁移特征[J].水土保持通报,2019,39(4):256-260.
[19] 范俊甫,何惠馨,郭兵.1980—2015年黄河流域降雨侵蚀力时空变化分析[J].地球信息科学学报,2018,20(2):196-204.
[20] 童珊,曹广超,曹生奎.近34年祁连山南坡植被覆盖变化与气象因子关系研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2020,29(12):2655-2664.
[21] 刘芳,曹广超,曹生奎,等.祁连山南坡水体氢氧稳定同位素特征研究[J].干旱区研究,2020,37(5):1116-1123.
[22] 魏健美,李常斌,武磊,等.基于USLE的甘南川西北土壤侵蚀研究[J].水土保持学报,2021,35(2):31-37.
[23] 陈红,江旭聪,任磊,等.基于RUSLE模型的淮河流域土壤侵蚀定量评价[J].土壤通报,2021,52(1):165-176.
[24] 林锦阔.基于RUSLE模型沂河流域土壤侵蚀研究[D].济南:山东师范大学,2017.
[25] 刘斌涛,陶和平,史展,等.青藏高原土壤可蚀性K值的空间分布特征[J].水土保持通报,2014,34(4):11-16.
[26] 符素华,刘宝元,周贵云,等.坡长坡度因子计算工具[J].中国水土保持科学,2015,13(5):105-110.
[27] 吴炳伦,孙华,石军南,等.2000—2018年深圳市植被覆盖动态变化与预测[J].应用生态学报,2020,31(11):3777-3785.
[28] 赵珍珍,冯建迪.1980—2016年科尔沁沙地土地利用重心的时空迁移特征[J].水土保持通报,2019,39(4):256-260.
[29] 肖智,黄贤金,孟浩,等.2009—2014年中国茶叶生产空间演变格局及变化特征[J].地理研究,2017,36(1):109-120.
[30] 黄娉婷,张晓平.大都市区工业重心时空变动轨迹分析:以天津市为例[J].经济地理,2012,32(3):89-95.
[31] Breiman L. Random forests [J]. Machine Learning, 2001,45:5-32.
[32] 方匡南,吴见彬,朱建平,等.随机森林方法研究综述[J].统计与信息论坛,2011,26(3):32-37.
[33] 韩丹,程先富,谢金红,等.大别山区江子河流域土壤有机质的空间变异及其影响因素[J].土壤学报,2012,49(2):403-408.
[34] 付建新,曹广超,李玲琴,等.1960—2014年祁连山南坡及其附近地区降水时空变化特征[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(4):152-161.
[35] 陈豪.基于USLE模型的祁连山国家公园土壤水力侵蚀动态分析[D].兰州:兰州大学,2020.
[36] 王根绪,丁永建,王建,等.近15年来长江黄河源区的土地覆被变化[J].地理学报,2004,59(2):163-173.
[37] 李宝海,杰布,李顺凯,等.藏北高原主要草地类型鼠害调查报告[J].西藏科技,2007(3):29-30.
相似文献/References:
[1]宋玥,张忠学.不同耕作措施对黑土坡耕地土壤侵蚀的影响[J].水土保持研究,2011,18(02):14.
SONG Yue,ZHANG Zhong-xue.The Effect of Different Tillage Measures on Soil Erosion in Slope Farmland in Black Soil Region[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2011,18(04):14.
[2]裴会敏,许明祥,李强,等.侵蚀条件下土壤有机碳流失研究进展[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(06):269.
PEI Hui-min,XU Ming-xiang,LI Qiang,et al.Advances in Soil Organic Carbon Losses under Erosion[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(04):269.
[3]赵玉明,刘宝元,姜洪涛.东北黑土区垄向的分布及其对土壤侵蚀的影响[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(05):1.
ZHAO Yu-ming,LIU Bao-yuan,JIANG Hong-tao.Distribution of Tillage-induced Direction and Its Effect on Soil Erosion in Black Soil Area of Northeast China[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(04):1.
[4]袁靓,高华端,张旭贤,等.基于土壤侵蚀的贵阳市喀斯特地区基岩层间节理研究[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(05):167.
YUAN Jing,GAO Hua-duan,ZHANG Xu-xian,et al.Research on the Interlayer Joints of Bedrock in the Karst Region of Guiyang City Based on Soil Erosion[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(04):167.
[5]泮雪芹,刘占仁,孟晓云,等.云蒙湖流域不同土地利用类型的土壤侵蚀特征分析[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(04):6.
PAN Xue-qin,LIU Zhan-ren,MENG Xiao-yun,et al.Analysis on Features of Soil Erosion with Different Land Uses in the Yunmeng Lake Watershed[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(04):6.
[6]朱志玲,吴咏梅,张敏.基于GIS的宁夏生态环境敏感性综合评价[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(04):101.
ZHU Zhi-ling,WU Yong-mei,ZHANG Min.Comprehensive Evaluation on Eco-environment Sensibility of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Based on GIS[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(04):101.
[7]李瑞,李勇,刘云芳.贵州喀斯特地区降雨与坡面土壤侵蚀关系研究[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(03):7.
LI Rui,LI Yong,LIU Yun-fang.Study of Rainfall and Soil Erosion on Slope in Karst Region of Guizhou Province[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(04):7.
[8]程峥,姚志宏,张婧,等.南方红壤农作区数字流域建立和应用[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(03):12.
CHENG Zheng,YAO Zhi-hong,ZHANG Jing,et al.Establishment and Application of Digital Watershed in the Red Earth Areas, Southern China[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(04):12.
[9]董磊,彭明春,王崇云,等.基于USLE和GIS/RS的滇池流域土壤侵蚀研究[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(02):11.
DONG Lei,PENG Ming-chun,WANG Chong-yun,et al.Research on Soil Erosion Based on the USLE Model and RS/GIS in the Dianchi Lake Watershed[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(04):11.
[10]陈宇,焦菊英,王宁,等.黄土丘陵区撂荒地不同侵蚀带土壤种子库特征[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(01):1.
CHEN Yu,JIAO Ju-ying,WANG Ning,et al.Characteristics of Soil Seed Banks under Different Erosion Zones on Abandoned Land in the Hilly-gullied Loess Plateau[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,19(04):1.
[11]邹琴英,师学义,张 臻.汾河上游土壤侵蚀时空变化及景观格局的影响[J].水土保持研究,2021,28(04):15.
ZOU Qinying,SHI Xueyi,ZHANG Zhen.Effects of Temporal and Spatial Changes of Soil Erosion and Landscape Pattern in the Upper Reaches of the Fenhe River[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2021,28(04):15.
[12]张 艳,史飞航,张 悦,等.黄河中游土壤侵蚀时空变化及驱动因素[J].水土保持研究,2023,30(05):1.[doi:10.13869/j.cnki.rswc.2023.05.003.]
ZHANG Yan,SHI Feihang,ZHANG Yue,et al.Temporal and Spatial Changes and Driving Factors of Soil Erosion in the Middle Reaches of the Yellow River[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2023,30(04):1.[doi:10.13869/j.cnki.rswc.2023.05.003.]
[13]杨建和,严冬春,文安邦.金沙江流域近十年地表变化与土壤侵蚀时空变化特征[J].水土保持研究,2023,30(05):13.[doi:10.13869/j.cnki.rswc.2023.05.018.]
YANG Jianhe,YAN Dongchun,WEN Anbang.Spatiotemporal Variation Characteristics of Surface Change and Soil Erosion in Jinsha River Basin in the Past Decade[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2023,30(04):13.[doi:10.13869/j.cnki.rswc.2023.05.018.]
备注/Memo
收稿日期:2021-06-01 修回日期:2021-06-22
资助项目:青海省祁连山自然保护区管理局及祁连山国家公园长期科研基地“祁连山国家公园(青海片区)湿地保护恢复及其生态服务功能评估监测项目”(QHTX-2020-043-02); 青海省自然基金(2020-ZJ-725)
第一作者:童珊(1995—),女,陕西西安人,博士研究生,研究方向为地表环境过程。E-mail:1661143102@qq.com
通信作者:曹广超(1971—),男,山东苍山县人,教授,主要从事青藏高原地区环境变化与地理信息系统应用研究。E-mail:Caoguangchao@qhnu.edu.cn